In the article Death of an Expert Witness by Maria Bustillos, author talked about Wikipedia and how its works.  Wikipedia is based around a strong hierarchy between experts and everyone else, experts do primary research. They look at the actual stuff. Wiki-editors do secondary research. They read the sources that the experts write and debate the meaning of those sources. As myself doing my final project on editing the Wikipedia pages, so this article was really helpful and pretty impressive. I learned that every statement in a Wikipedia article has to be backed up with a citation to an article or book produced by a journalist, an academic, a scientist, or some other expert who has carried out primary research.

In article Why Is Academic Writing So Academic? by Joshua Rothman told us about the how now a days people write stuff in all academic institutes. After reading the article i will say there is one basic reason for the often awkward and dull writing is that many of the writers and audience are not native English users. As an engineering student sometimes i feel Scientific  papers are hard enough to read because of the content, allowing everyone their own style would make it even harder. I will say some people are much better writers than others, and many editors could probably do a better job asking for using cleaner language, but i think most of us read for information not really looking for style.

In this article Historic maps as historian evidence by institution of library and museums, really explained why People create maps and what are the so many reasons behind all that. After reading this article i can say maps are to help and visualize places, and to pass on information about places to other people. Maps also use to calculate the time it takes to move from place to place. After reading this article i realized that almost my all of the research is based on maps. Historic maps also help us to understand how our vision of the world has changed, either because we have more complete knowledge about the landscape, or because we think about space and time in ways that would have been foreign to past generations. My final project is  on sand’s family farms land, how there farm land converted into blocks and residential area. This reading was really helpful in lot of different ways.