What was lacking in art and education in the past, according to Gropius, as it was mentioned in the reading there was no real relationship to community life, artistic speculation became meaningless. The academy’s fundamental pedagogical blunder resulted from its fixation with the notion of individual genius and disregard of the value of commendable achievement at a lesser level. The great majority of these people were destined to a life of pointless artistic endeavor, nurtured on false hopes, and trained as one-sided academics because the university taught a multitude of modest abilities in drawing and painting, of whom just one in a thousand became a real architect or painter.” Many individuals are uninterested in art. Despite this, they continue to work in the sector. I believe that if you want to work in the arts and design field, you need to be passionate about what you’re doing. I suppose this is one of the parts of art and education that Gropius felt was lacking in the past.

Graphic design is the art of combining pictures and words to convey ideas. Typography and photography work hand-in-hand with each other. As it was explained in the reading  László Moholy-Nagy; Typophoto (1925). “Typography is the composition of communication in type. Photography is the visual representation of what may be perceived optically. Typophoto is the most accurate visual representation of communication”. I agree with this since you can use a photo as a type and communicate in the same manner that you would write it down in words. Because Typophoto incorporates both visual and non-visual aspects, it is evident that it will appeal to both visual learners and non-visual learners.

 Moholy-Nagy was able to create a new type of communication language that was both current and effective with the Typophoto. Language and communication, in my opinion, play an important role in design since, in order to effectively have a design developed that is seen by a large number of people, you must have a strong grasp on how to communicate with a target audience. Communication and design go hand in hand; you can’t design without communicating, and you can’t communicate without design, hence both are required as a designer.