Authors in all three readings try to convey the importance of adapting to the changing world. All three readings also promote a past rejection because, in the authors’ view, it prevents new generations from evolving and adapting to the new changing environments. Technology had a big impact on design and played a big role in these authors’ perspectives which shaped the way they think.

Aleksandr Rodchenko became a constructor from a painter because he believed that industries and utility were very important compared to representational art. The invention of photography started to take away the purpose of art for which many artists and designers tried to develop art using this technology, Rodchenko was one of them.  Rodchenko developed new forms of art by combining technology one of which was the use of photomontage. He saw graphic design as the core essential for society and mainly focused on designs for social purposes.

Marinetti on the other hand compares old art in the museum to a dead person. In his Futurista, Marinetti states that vising a museum once a year to admire an old art is no different than visiting a loved one’s grave once a year just to remember the old memories and dreams of the person. Marinetti rejects the past completely and thinks admiring old stuff only makes a person stressed and opens the wounds which try to deny the future, Marinetti thinks that young living futurists should never have these mentalities.

Lastly, El Lissitzky, who also shares a similarity to the previous author shares an interesting topic. Lissitzky states, the innovation of printing books by Gutenberg still stays as the highest achievement in book art, the only changes that happened were a few tweaks to it here and there. Latter he also states that “Yet in this present day and age we still have no new shape for the book as a body; it continues to be a cover with a jacket, and a spine, and pages 1, 2, 3”. Through this example Lissitzky tries to show that instead of still admiring this new design, none of the designers or constructors have ever tried to change the look of the book by trying new things. All did was develop the old design again and again.  

All three authors had their own different ways of delivering the message to the new generations of designers, but in the end, the message was the same. They wanted the young designers to discover new ideologies, they wanted these designers to think about what design is for them. Instead of reflecting on the same old ideas, they should develop their own ideas which the people of the present will admire.