1. What political events were happening during the time and place that these manifestos were written?
  2. How did those events influence the authors’ beliefs?
  3. Consider if and how these manifestos addressed the concepts of authorship/ownership, universal systems of communication, and social/political engagement.
  4. Which elements of these texts remain relevant for the present, and which elements are problematic? 
  5. How has the communication process changed since the early 20th Century, specifically with regard to technology?

The futurism manifesto was written before the first WWI. Emotions were high and the manifesto was calling to others.They reference “We will glorify war—the world’s only hygiene—militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of freedom-bringers”. My thoughts on this quote are that they would listen to the voice of the higher person, which in a design community they rather listen to the other person than the creator of the design, which plays on authorship being forgotten or going unnoticed.

The Constructivist Manifesto was written after WWI. The constructivists were concerned about art and not social engagement. In the manifesto “We didn’t create technology.We didn’t create man.but we, Artists Yesterday constructors today”.Even though the artist and they didn’t create any sort of technology they cant let technology stop them from being artist, so instead they become constructors to create new design method that technology cannot replicate or copy. The constructivist is much more connected to a universal system of the artist who are constructors to make a new system or design methods to show authorship and universality.

Some of these are still present in these times with the creation of AI art where technology is creating a piece from a much of artist work and there is no sense of authorship to credit where the AI is grabbing all the work from to create this original piece. We can look at the artist you are the “constructors” are creating new design philosophy and methods to show that we still need design and the AI can’t do what we do.

https://hyp.is/-QAdfK4kEe2zvkMir27kdA/designopendata.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/graphicdesigntheory_helenarmstrong.pdf