Monthly Archives: September 2019
ENG-1101-TriciaClarke-CourseSyllabus
Low-stakes assignment: genre analysis
Context:
We have been studying genre analysis using The Bedford Book of Genres. We used the key terms from âRhetorical Situation and Choicesâ and âGenreâ to analyze ads in class. Then, I had students find an ad for homework and post about it on the discussion board using the same terms that we had studied in class.
Discussion board assignment:
Hi all! Look at the chart on page 32, then pick an ad that youâve seen in your life and write about the rhetorical situation and choices (purpose, audience, rhetorical appeals, modes and media) and the genre conventions (common examples, style, design, sources).
If the ad is a video or a link, please post it!
In-class application:
I had them circle up in small groups and explain to their group which ad they analyzed. Then I picked a couple of ads that students had posted about, had the students who wrote about them explain them, and then we watched those ads as a class and analyzed them. It was especially useful when I had several students who analyzed ads from similar companies (like Nike, Reebok, and Adidas). In this case we watched each ad and then decided which company was doing their ad campaigns the best and why.
my test1
How to create a new post
Make sure youâre a member of the PD site.
-
- Make sure youâre Registered with Open Lab.
- Find the PD site.
- Click on Join! (just below the avatar).
- Click on Visit Project Site on the right hand side.
- Youâre in!
NOW to create a post.
- Find the little circle with the plus sign in it on the top of the site.
- Click on it. You will open the Post Dashboard by default.
- Give it a title.
- Type your message.
- To attach a document, click on Add Media.
- The Media Library page will open.
- Click on Upload Files.
- Go find and choose your file.Click on Insert into Post.
- Youâll be taken back to the Post Dashboard
- Â When you finish your post, pick a Category from the Category menu on the right side. If you forget, youâll get a prompt to pick a Category.
- Then hit Publish.
1101 Syllabus
ENGLISH 1101 COURSE SYLLABUS
Professor Name: Andrew Stone
Office Phone: (718) 260-5392
Office: Namm 529
Office Hours: Wednesday 1:15-2:15
Email: astone@citytech.cuny.edu
Meeting Time: MW 10:00-11:15 a.m.
Classroom Location: Namm 1005
Conference Hour: 9:00-9:50 a.m.
Location: Namm 1018
Online Location: https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/comp2019morning/
Course Description:
Â
This, English 1101, the first half of First Year Writing at City Tech, aims to equip you with the critical thinking, reading, and writing skills necessary for this class, all of your other classes, and beyond, in the professionalized working world. The point, and my role, is not to tell you what exactly to write, not even necessarily how to write, but to offer a structured forum in which you can learn the underlying, practical procedures used to approach any writing or reading situation. We will call these differing textual situations ârhetorical situationsâ and we will call this process of teaching methods (rather than information) âteaching for transferâ. Through engaging different rhetorical situations, we will consider who is speaking, who they are speaking to/for, and why theyâre even speaking at all! The course will involve personal exploration/reflection, rhetorical analysis, and research, through which we will look at the varying social contexts in which some kind of specific meaning is exchanged. As such, we will engage a wide range of media and investigate how these media express the world we inhabit. While the goals of this course are communal, oneâs journey through writing is intensely personal, and with that in mind, we will foster an environment in which our unique voices, styles, and dispositions can be heard and critiqued as we confront important social, cultural, and existential realities. And finally, we are here, myself included, to grow as thinkers and writers.
Prerequisite: CUNY proficiency in reading and writing
Â
Learning Outcomes:
After completing ENG 1101 you should be able to:
- Read and listen critically and analytically in a variety of genres and rhetorical situations: Identify and evaluate exigencies, purposes, claims, supporting evidence and underlying assumptions in a variety of texts, genres and media.
- Adapt and compose in a variety of genres: adapt writing conventions in ways that are suitable to different exigencies and purposes in a variety of contexts including academic and workplace audiences. When appropriate, repurpose prior work to new genre, audiences and media by adjusting delivery, design, tone, organization and language.
- Use research as a process of inquiry and engagement with multiple perspectives. Learn to focus on a topic and develop research questions that lead to propositions and claims that can be supported with well-reasoned arguments. Demonstrate research skills through attribution and citation gathering, evaluating and synthesizing both primary and secondary sources.
- Use reflection and other metacognitive processes to revise prior assumptions about reading and writing and transfer acquired knowledge into new writing situations.
Readings / Text:
All readings are available on the course website, or else will be made available by handout.
University Policies
Â
Accessibility Statement
City Tech is committed to supporting the educational goals of enrolled students with disabilities in the areas of enrollment, academic advisement, tutoring, assistive technologies and testing accommodations. If you have or think you may have a disability, you may be eligible for reasonable accommodations or academic adjustments as provided under applicable federal, state and city laws. You may also request services for temporary conditions or medical issues under certain circumstances. If you have questions about your eligibility or would like to seek accommodation services or academic adjustments, please contact the Center for Student Accessibility at 300 Jay Street room L-237, 718 260 5143 or http://www.citytech.cuny.edu/accessibility/.
Â
Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Statement
Students and all others who work with information, ideas, texts, images, music, inventions, and other intellectual property owe their audience and sources accuracy and honesty in using, crediting, and citing sources. As a community of intellectual and professional workers, the College recognizes its responsibility for providing instruction in information literacy and academic integrity, offering models of good practice, and responding vigilantly and appropriately to infractions of academic integrity. Accordingly, academic dishonesty is prohibited at New York City College of Technology and is punishable by penalties, including failing grades, suspension, and expulsion.
Sanctions for Academic Integrity Violations
In accordance with the CUNY Policy on Academic Integrity, NYCCT empowers its Academic Integrity Committee and Academic Integrity Officer to process violations of the CUNY Academic Integrity Policy. As stated in the student handbook, all instructors must report all instances of academic dishonesty to the Academic Integrity Officer.
Course Policies
Â
Attendance: Students who fail to attend class regularly will fall behind on the daily writing assignments. The daily assignments build upon previous work and lead towards success in the major projects. In order to succeed in the class, students will need to attend regularly. Students who fall behind will likely have a difficult time catching up.
Missed Work and Late Papers: I do not accept late homework. For larger assignments, every day the assignment is late, you will lose half a letter grade on your final portfolio. That said, if you talk to me before the paper is due, Iâll likely grant an extension. This means you canât ask for an extension the night before the paper is due. This is an exception reserved for difficult circumstances â you donât have to tell me more than youâre comfortable with, but please donât lie.
OpenLab Statement:
You will need to register with the City Tech Open Lab and join our course immediately. We will do this on the first day. It will be your responsibility to learn the navigation of the class website during the first week. After the first week, we will be using the Open Lab. Any work that you fail to post after the 3rd class meeting cannot be made up. If you need help with this, see me immediately, and make sure to come to the first and second class meetings.
Course Load Expectations: Come to this class, and this semester, prepared to read and write. It is why we are here. It is part of being in college. There will be, at times, a large amount of work. I have done my best to spread out this work, and I will revise the syllabus as much as is reasonable to ensure a schedule most conducive to our learning objectives. I understand that attention spans are diminishing â this is out of my control, and as such, I intend for this class to be one through which you can develop a more responsible relationship to time. You and your classmates are here to learn and I am here to help facilitate that learning. We are in this together, so letâs do the work we need to do to get through this together.
Â
Major Projects and Assignments
Â
Project 1: Literacy Narrative
The overarching goal of the Literacy Narrative assignment is to lay a metacognitive foundation
for the rest of the semester. In this assignment you will:
- describe your own reading processes, writing processes, and the relationship between the two
- gain a greater sense of your own past literacy experiences and how those experiences have shaped how they envision themselves as writers in the current moment
- reflect on your own schooling and educational influences and examine the social cultural, and political issues involved in accessing language fluency
- explore your understandings of the ethnic and cultural diversity of written English as well as the influence of other registers, dialects, and languages.
Project 2: Genre Research Report
Unit 2 will be an investigation into and report on a specific question about a topic that interests you. You will conduct research into various genres (4 sources), gather and evaluate the information in those sources, and present a report on your findings.
For this assignment, you will not need a thesis statement; rather, I am asking you think investigate, analyze, and report what you have learned from your investigation. You may arrive at an answer to you initial question, or you may find youâre asking the wrong questions and will need to rethink your approach.
In this unit, you will:
- Ask and develop specific question. This should be something you care about, something youâve always wondered about â something that will keep you engaged, as youâll be continuing this line of inquiry in Unit 3 as well.
- Research, gather information on, and analyze 4 sources consisting of at least 3 different genres.
Project 3: Writing in a New Genre
In this unit, you will be using your research from Unit 2 to compose a document/artefact in a new genre. This is to say, a genre you have not used before. You might want to write a declaration, a manifesto, a rulebook, a magazine article (from a particular publication), a comic book, a childrenâs book, short story, a video essay etc. The possibilities are virtually endless. The caviats are:
- You must have a rhetorical understanding of the genre you choose
- Your genre must suit the site-based-topic youâve researched
I would recommend choosing a genre we have studied, unless you are confident in your understanding of the chosen genre.
You cannot simply write an âarticleâ. You must choose a mentor text. This means that you have a specific publication you are looking to. An article on VICE is different than an article in SALON. Youâll need to be specific, and the genre must contain words. The final word count for this will be 1500 words at least. If you are choosing to do something say in video or song, you must transcribe the words.
Other graded projects:
Â
Journals:
You will be required to keep a writing âJournalâ. This will be two-fold.
First, there are journal prompts as listed in the syllabus/semester outline. These will be posted to open lab, and must be posted before class on the day they are due.
Second, you will be required to keep a writing notebook. This will contain any and all in-class writing assignments. As mentioned before, this will be a notebook you must always bring to class, and must have pages you can easily remove to be handed in.
Â
Â
Â
Final Portfolio:
Â
The final portfolio will be the bulk of your grade in this class. We will discuss this in-depth as the semester progresses, but the idea is that it will consist of all finished work, along with a handful of journal prompts, reflections, and in-class writing assignments, which will be revised and formatted for the portfolio.
        This will also include a final reflection, in which you reflect on your writing practices throughout your semester.
Â
Grading Policy:
Â
Grade Calculation  |
|
Homework/Participation
Journals |
50 %
20% |
In-class Writing | 15% |
Participation | 15% |
Final Portfolio | 50 % |
Homework/Participation
Yes, Homework and Participation is worth 50%. This means you must come to class (almost) all of the time in order to do well.
In this class, youâre learning both about your writing process AND how to be a part of an academic/writing community. Youâre learning the methods to tackle any future writing project. And more specifically, youâre learning YOUR way of doing this. So, it is essential you are present in every sense of the word.
A Few Important Details:
Â
Attendance: If you miss six classes, you fail the attendance portion of your grade. This means you can technically miss five classes. However, you will still take a penalty for the class work you missed on those days! Lateness over 15 min is half an absence. Lateness of over 35 min is an entire absence (after all, the class is only an hour and 15 minutes). The conference hour counts as an entirely separate class, and an entirely separate absence.
Homework:
As noted earlier, homework is due BEFORE class starts, usually on the OpenLab, unless otherwise noted. I donât accept late homework, because the homework directly relates to the class topic of the day it is due.
On the other hand, homework is graded on completion. You just have to do it to receive the grade. But if itâs clear you totally winged it or barely tried, youâll get a 0.
Rough drafts: These are worth a portion of the overall grade on your paper and your attendance for the day it is due. A late rough draft means a lower grade on your paper. It also means if you show up to class on the day that it is due without it, youâll be counted as absent.
Final Portfolio
Â
The final portfolio consists of your three major papers, as well as an authorâs statement introducing your work, and a reflection essay.
Weâll be working towards this portfolio all semester. For each unit, you will submit final drafts of your paper, on which you will receive a provisional grade, meaning you can always improve them for the final portfolio.
Tentative Semester Outline
Â
- All Readings and Assignments are DUE on the day they are
- Any changes made to the following schedule will be announced in class or on the class website. It is your responsibility to keep up with all announced
DATE | CLASS TOPICS | READINGS / WRITINGS / VIEWINGS |
WEEK 1
W Â 08/28 |
Syllabus, Open Lab
In-class diagnostic essay  Annotation
|
Navigate Course Website.
Write: Reflection â What are your expectations for the semester? How do you feel about writing classes? About writing? Read Sandra Cisnerosâ âOnly Daughterâ Write:(1) a reflection (200 words) and (2) an episode in your life of literacy (~250 words)
|
 WEEK 2
MÂ Â Â 09/02 |
Labor DayâCollege Closed |
|
W 09/04 |
Introduction to Unit 1: Literacy Narrative  Annotation
Descriptive Writing
|
HW: Tan, âMother Tongueâ & AnzaldĂșa, âHow to Tame a Wild Tongueâ Journal Entry 1.1 CW: Discuss Tan and Anzaldua essay in groups Writing a concrete, significant scene Class discussion / Reflection Writing CW1.1 Â |
Th 09/05
(Monday Sched.) |
Reading across/about different Literacies Descriptive Writing Code-Meshing / Code Switching
Introduce Literary Narrative Assignment
|
HW Due: Excerpt from Young, âNah We Straightâ and Bring Questions/Comments about Reading CW: Conference Hour: Continue Discussion of Tan and AnzaldĂșa Reflection Writing CW1.1 Read excerpt from Philipâs âThe Absence of Writing⊔ & Young, âShould Writers âŠâ Reading Reflection (Young and Philip) Group work/Discussion Writing: Personal Literacy CW1.2
|
WEEK 3
MÂ Â Â Â Â Â 09/09 |
Reading/Writing âwithâ other texts
Introducing Rhetorical Terms
Argument/Thesis |
Â
HW Due: Rose, “Rigid Rules, Inflexible Plans, and the Stifling of Language” Journal 1.2: Difficulty Response – What did you find difficult in this reading? Identify 3 places, throughout the text, that tripped you up. Did you find this reading helpful? If not, why? (300 words) CW: Conference Hour: Discussion of Rose Watch Adichie, “The Danger of a Single Story” Writing: Personal Literacy CW1.3 Discuss Thesis, Purpose, Argument
|
W 09/11 |
The Writing Process
Outlining Best Practices
Discourse Communities
|
Â
Pre-Writing/Conceptual Outline of Literacy Narrative Due (250 words) HW Due: Browse Orwell and Canagarajah Annotate and Outline Adichie Transcript (with a particular eye on structure/rhetorical devices) CW: Read Saunders Outline Best Practices  |
WEEK 4
MÂ Â Â Â Â Â 09/16 |
Annotated Peer Review + Revision
Discuss Peer Review Letters
|
Rough Draft of Literacy Narrative Due  HW due: Straub, âRespondingâŠâ CW: Read/Discuss Straub, Paired Peer Review Notes for Reflection on Peer Review
 |
W 09/18 |
Discuss Revision/ Reflection Portion
Reflect as a Class Set Goals for Discourse Community
|
HW: Murray, âThe Makerâs Eyeâ Journal Entry 1.3 â Writing Process Reflection
CW: Discuss Revision
|
WEEK 5 | Unit 1 should be completed no later than Monday, 09/23, but may be completed earlier. | |
MÂ Â Â 09/23 |
Introduction to Unit 2: Rhetoric, Genre, Discourse |
Â
Literacy Narrative Final Draft Due
General Discussion of Rhetoric, Genre Close Reading exercise: The Red Wheelbarrow |
W 09/25 |
Rhetorical Analysis
SOAPSTONE |
HW: Carroll, âBackpacks vs. Briefcasesâ CW: Discuss Carroll in Groups, then open up Read Abdurraqib, âOn Breakupsâ, Watch HAIM video |
WEEK 6
MÂ Â Â 09/30 |
No Classes Schedule | |
W 10/02 |
Engaging Context: Speaker, Audience, Purpose
Introduce Unit 2 Assignment
|
Â
HW: Dirk, âNavigating Genreâ SOAPSTONE for reading Journal 2.1 CW: Practice Rhetorical Analysis
|
WEEK 7
MÂ Â Â 10/07 |
Engaging Genre
Constructing a Research Question
|
Â
HW: Lorde, âThe Masterâs ToolsâŠâ Lab: Reflection: How do you feel about research? Do you have an idea of what you might research? Free-write: Write about something that is meaningful to you, something you encounter every day or think about a lot. Ask three questions about this thing.
CW: Discuss Genre Read Lerner, 10:04 Excerpt; Octopus, Wikipedia Entry; Google Search, âOctopus as foodâ
|
W 10/09 |
No Classes Scheduled | |
WEEK 8
MÂ Â Â 10/14 |
No Classes Scheduled | |
W 10/16
(M schedule) |
Sites of Inquiry: Institution â Audience/Purpose
Site/Genre Analysis
|
Â
Lab: KLW + HW: Rough Draft of Question and Proposal Due Genre Research Practice (Handout) Journal Entry 2.2: Rhetorical/Genre Analysis CW: Go over Genre Research Practice Â
|
WEEK 9
MÂ Â Â Â Â Â 10/21 |
Specifying, Narrowing Research
Specifying Purpose
Genre Analysis Practice |
Â
Final Draft of Research Question and Proposal Due w/ KWL+ research report  HW: Journal 2.3 â Reflection: How did you go about choosing your topic? How did you go about researching it? What did you find difficult about this process? What did you learn about your topic and about your writing/research process? CW: Group work/Peer reviewâ share reflections and research proposals Discuss
|
W 10/23 |
Library Day
SOAPSTONE for first two genres
|
Â
Continue Research into Genres and work on SOAPSTONE sheets Â
|
Â
WEEK 10 |
Midterm Grades Due this Week |
|
MÂ Â Â 10/28 |
Questions/Concerns Regarding Research
Individual Conferences
|
HW: Janet Emig, âWriting as a Mode of Learningâ Journal 2.4 â Reflect on your research so far. How do you plan for writing/research? Have you used writing as a means for discovery? If so, how? CW: Reflect on Research/Writing Process so far Practice Genre Analysis |
W 10/30 |
Applying Rhetorical Strategies â Thinking about Audience and Purpose
|
Rough Draft Due
 Peer Review
Discussion/Questions about Reflection portion of Final Draft
|
WEEK 11 | Unit 2 should be completed no later than Monday, 11/04, but may be completed earlier. | |
MÂ Â Â 11/04 |
Re-introduce Unit 3: Writing in a New Genre
Sub-Unit: Rhetorical Analysis revisited |
Â
Unit 2 Assignment Final Draft Due
CW: Reflection, Looking Backwards and Forwards Talk about appropriate genres Brainstorm/Reflection on potential genres
|
W 11/06 |
A Deeper Investigation into Sources
|
Â
HW: Graff, âTeaching Rhetorical AnalysisâŠâ CW: Continue Discussion of Genre Difficulty Paper Part 1
|
WEEK 12
MÂ Â Â 11/11 |
Rhetorical Triangle/Argument
Sub-unit 2: Investigating a single genre
The Speech
|
HW: Difficulty Paper Part 2 (Combine with Part 1) â Journal 3.1 CW: Discuss Graff Read Wallace, âThis is Waterâ Discuss Rhetorical Elements of Speeches SOAPSTONE
|
W 11/13 |
Genre/Assignment Proposal
The Creative Essay
|
Â
HW: Kunin, âLove Threeâ Sebald, excerpt from âRings of Saturnâ Nelson, excerpt from âBluetsâ SOAPSTONE for each CW: Break into Groups, Rhetorical Analysis, Mini-presentations
|
WEEK 13
M 11/18 |
Â
Choosing a Mentor Text/Research
Interview, Exposé, Profile
|
Assignment Proposal Draft Due  HW: Harvey, âKara Walkerâ Morris, âThe Murders of Gonzagoâ CW: Journal 3.2 â Rhetorical Analysis and Comparison Discuss characteristics of Interview/Profile vs. ExposĂ©
|
W 11/20 |
Image, Text, Sound |
Â
HW: Choose a non-verbal medium to research (podcast, concert, music video, painting, etc.) and write a reflection on the content and rhetorical elements of that piece/genre â Journal 3.3 CW: KLW+ Analyzing Non-verbal media
|
WEEK 14
MÂ Â Â 11/25 |
Â
Video Essay
Works Cited
|
Â
Assignment Proposal Due (Rhetorical Analysis of Mentor âTextâ + Tentative argument + Rationalization) Â HW: Blank, âGarlicâ (Kanopy) Journal 3.3 Rhetorical Analysis of Blank CW: Discuss Blank Varda, âBlack Panthersâ, Group work
|
W 11/27 |
Questions/Concerns re: Drafting Unit 3 Assignment
In-text Citation
|
HW: Journal 3.4 â Outline of Unit 3 Assignment and Reflection CW: Review Examples of Multimodal Assignments
|
WEEK 15
MÂ Â Â 12/02 |
Revision Round-table discussion |
Â
HW: Murray, âInternal Revisionâ Revised Annotated Bibliography of Unit 3 Assignment CW: Discuss Revision Round-table discussion of writing process, group peer-review Â
|
W 12/04 | Reflection/Final Peer Review/ Individual Conferences
|
Rough Draft of Unit 3 Assignment Due
|
WEEK 16 | Unit 3 should be completed no later than Monday, 12/09, but may be completed earlier. | |
MÂ Â Â 12/09 | Â
Unit 4: Final Porfolio |
Â
Final Draft of Unit 3 Assignment Due
|
W 12/11 |
Format/Design
|
Â
CW: In-class time to work on final portfolio Mini-conferences
|
WEEK 17
MÂ Â Â 12/16 |
Reflection and Transfer
|
Working Draft of Portfolio Due Draft of Reflection Paper Due CW: How has an investigation into genre offered insight about the writing process? What worked for you? What didnât?
|
W 12/18 |
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
|
Â
Final Draft of Reflection paper Due
|
F 12/20 | End of Term. Final Portfolio should be submitted by today, but may be submitted earlier. | |
F 12/27 | Final Grades Due |
Lesson plan “Mother Tongue”
Agenda
How do you integrate all the languages you speak?
Respond in writing to the following:
- How many languages do you speak? Here I mean, not necessarily foreign languages but languages you speak with friends, languages you speak with family, languages you may speak with people with whom you share a hobby like a sport.
- To whom do you speak those different languages?
- How do you feel about speaking different languages to different people in different contexts?
- How does your intended audience impact how you speak to someone and the word choice you use?
- How does the purpose for your communication impact what you say and how you say it?
- How can you have a similar message or purpose for different audiences but use different word choice based on your audience?
Discuss with a partner, and then we will discuss this as a class.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cihZKJRj8AA
Letâs watch Amy Tanâs speech at the White House and do
Say Mean Matter about it.
http://www.suttonclassroom.com/uploads/9/0/6/0/9060273/new_say_mean_matter3.pdf
Letâs do a little role play of how you would ask your mom for a raise on your allowance.
Now, letâs do another role play on how you would ask your boss for a raise.
What did you notice about the language?
Take out the SOAPSTONE chart that we used with âSuperman and Me,â and do the same thing for âMother Tongueâ and go over it.
Letâs look at how Amy Tan brings her mother and her language to life. Letâs reread as a class paragraph five. In paragraph five what techniques does Amy Tan use to bring her motherâs language to life?
How does she contrast the way her mother sounds to what her mother knows and can understand?
When you write narratives, use dialogue, frame dialogue, develop concrete, specific details, use verbs precisely and use your senses. Show, donât tell. This came from the students
Definition of anecdote- a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing or biographical incident.
In this essay, Tan uses anecdotes about herself and her mother with the stockbroker and the hospital. Reread 0page2, paragraphs 2-7, and discuss with a partner what makes these anecdotes effective? Make a list and we will share the list.
Use verbs precisely
Add dialogue
Use your senses
Add concrete detail to create a scene.
Build a scene
You are going to write anecdotes about your own reading and writing life. Think about your own reading, writing or speaking life.  Think of an anecdote from your own life? Write it down. Use what we found effective about the Tan essay in your own writing.
Share what you have written with your partner.
Homework:
- Do Homework for Open Lab. Itâs easy.
- Do the Brainstorming Worksheet and questions about Baldwin and the Tyson video. The Tyson video is on Blackboard.
Slater 1121 Assignments Draft
Note: these are all for 1121 rather than 1101 because that’s what I’m teaching this semester. I will probably be tweaking all of them, but you can get the main idea from what I’ve attached!
Low Stakes Assignment
This is more of a class discussion than an assignment, but it did really help with engagement. I asked students to reflect on just the title of Anzaldua’s “How To Tame a Wild Tongue.” We spent probably 20 minutes thinking about how “tame” relates to “wild”, for instance, and what the implications are within that relationship. We also talked about “How To” as a genre (“it’s like an instruction manual,” a student said), and how thinking about that genre could be useful–or not–for thinking about what the text is trying to say. Really slowing down and thinking about the title’s six words helped some students feel less overwhelmed, I think, and gave them a model for how to read by focusing on specific details and the thoughts and feelings those details provoked.