F.T. Marinetti, “Manifesto of Futurism”; Aleksandr Rodchenko, “Who We Are: Manifesto of the Constructivist Group”; and El Lissitzky, “Our Book”, Graphic Design Theory: Readings From the Field by Helen Armstrong, pages 19-31. 

At the beginning of the twentieth century, transportation and communications were developing rapidly, with airplanes, automobiles, cameras, and so on. With such rapid and dramatic changes, there were those who were uneasy but also those who were looking forward to the new era. Through the two manifestos, the common view of these artists/designers is to explore new forms of art. Both the futurist breaks with traditional cultural art and the constructivist use of new forms of mass-produced graphic and engineered objects to replace traditional painting and sculpture. However, their attitudes toward technology differ, with the constructivist viewing technology as both a tool and “the mortal enemy of art”. Futurism, on the other hand, expresses a fervent love for technology. The world today still has elements of war, machinery, technology and speed. New technologies are constantly emerging, speeds are increasing (e.g., from 2G to 5G), and war has not completely disappeared from the world. People are struggling to adapt to changing times, and it is difficult to slow down the pace of human life in a society where new technologies are constantly emerging, and speeds are increasing.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, the process of human communication has changed a lot. Initially, humans used a lot of materials to write letters and the dissemination of information was very limited. The development of the telephone, the cell phone and the Internet has made the possibilities of human communication infinite. We can hear countless “noises” on today’s social media, and countless people who are talking are not near you, but they all are in front of you. “Feedback” is also easily available in today’s communication via phone and social accounts, and you can always confirm that the recipient has received the message accurately.

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