1 Dr Mark Lepper observed that rewarding children for their artistic productions made them less enthusiastic about producing more for him on a second occasion.  He termed this effect overjustification.   Explain
• The difference in response between the two groups of children;

the children’s response in the first group was not to interested in drawing another picture, this is the group that got rewards. The group that didn’t get rewards was more interested in drawing the picture again.

• Why the children who received a cash reward for their efforts were less inclined to participate the second time.

The reward took the fun out it.

2 Harold is zealously practicing the violin because of a strong extrinsic motivation.  What might the external motivation be?

The external motivation might be needing to get better. If he performed in front of people and they like what they hear and clap for him that might have gave him the motivation to keep practicing.

3 The drive-reduction model of motivation has sometimes been referred to as a ‘hydraulic’ model.  What does this metaphor refer to?

The two words have similar meanings. what the metaphor refers to is the behavior of the person. The way the person behaves when motivated.

4 A study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine examined the effect of providing substantial material incentives—up to around $500—to overweight people who lost a certain percentage of their body weight and kept it off for a full year. They demonstrated that the monetary reward increased the success rate of the intervention by twofold. Since the baseline rate of success for weight loss programs is about 1%, that means that the study showed that about 2% of people were successful using this form of incentive. How impressed should we be by the effect of offering money for weight loss?

You can be somewhat impressed because the percentage went up , even though it wasn’t allot it was still good. it shows that the experiment work.