Review Exercise

1. Select the correct term for each statement below. Write the word next to the appropriate statement.

Glomerular filtration     Glucose               Amino acid           Ions                       Drugs
Specific gravity                Water                   NaCl                       Blood cells           Blood proteins Hydrostatic                       Urea                     Secretion              Diluted urine       Filtrate

1. Antidiuretic hormones control the reabsorption or release of ___________________.

2. These proteins will not be filtered into the Bowman’s capsular space.______________________

3. The ascending part of the loop of Henle is only permeable to this. _________________________

4. One of the types nitrogenous waste to be eliminated. __________________________

5. Produced if water intake is high._____________________________

6. Found within the tubules but not the collecting ducts. _____________________________

7. The descending part of the loop of Henle is only permeable to this. _______________________

8. In healthy urine it is between 1.001 to 1.035. _____________________________

9. Process for getting rid of substances not already in the filtrate. _____________________________

10. Besides proteins these will not be filtered. ____________________________

11. This pressure is the major driving force for filtration at the glomerular level. __________________

12. This first process involved in urine formation. ___________________________

13. __________ like penicillin will enter the filtrate. ________________________________

14. _____________, __________ and ____________ are reabsorbed at the PCT.

 

2. Select the correct term for each statement below. Write the word next to the appropriate statement.

Alkalosis                           Acidosis                        Bicarbonate                        Intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid          Micturition                  Glycosuria                           Proteinuria

1. High glucose in urine _______________________
2. One of the buffer systems in the body _______________________
3. Voiding of urine through the urethra _______________________
4. Fluid inside cells _______________________
5. Blood with higher number of hydrogen ions than normal _______________________
6. Higher than normal protein content in urine _______________________
7. Blood with lower number of hydrogen ions than normal _______________________
8. Fluid outside cells _______________________

 

Table 1. Urinalysis Results

Questions

1. Are all values for control urine within the normal range for healthy individuals? If not indicate the ones out of range.

 

 

 

2. For the unknown urine samples,

A.  What values are below the normal range or negative when should be positive? Give the values if available.

 

 

B. What values are above the normal range or are positive when they should be negative? Give values if available.

 

 

 

3. Urinalysis can be used to diagnose several different conditions. These include
   1. Urinary tract infections – present of nitrites, WBC, acidity, presence blood
   2. Kidney stones – acidity
   3. Diabetes – high glucose
   4. Kidney inflammation – protein, blood
   5. Kidney disease – high protein content
   6. Hypertension – protein, electrolyte imbalance
   7. Liver disease – presence of bilirubin, high protein
   8. Glomerulonephritis – RBC, WBC, increased protein, urea or creatinine

Examine the results for the unknown sample and select one of the conditions that best match the results. Write one or two paragraphs on this condition you selected. Describe the condition. Give signs and symptom, treatment and prevention if available.