Monotonous

Monotonous; adjective; lacking in variety; tediously unvarying.

From “The Metamorphosis” pg 14 of 31: “Hearing these words from his mother made Gregor realise that the lack of any direct human communication, along with the monotonous life led by the family during these two months, must have made him confused- he could think of no other way of explaining to himself why he had seriously wanted his room emptied out.”

From searching this word, I now understand that the family was leading a boring life, with no change or exciting events. The life that they were living lead Gregor to want to have the furniture removed from his room.

Monument

monument; noun; a written legal document or record; a burial vault

In “A Rose for Emily”, when Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the woman mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house…

Now I understand that when Miss Emily died, the monument itself represents Emily and people are being respectful.

melancholy

Melancholy: noun: depression of spirits; pensive mood; a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From “Young Goodman Brown”: …he looked back and saw the head of Faith still peeping after him, with a melancholy air, in spite of her pink ribbons (line 6)

I understand that the melancholy air describes the feeling of Faith when her husband leaves the village and she is unhappy that he is leaving.