Category: Coffeehouse #4 (Page 1 of 2)

1-Citation: Jessica Brown,” Are there healthy benefits to going vegan?”, Future, BBC, Jan 2020  

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200122-are-there-health-benefits-to-going-vegan  

2.Summary: In this article, Jessica Brown voices how many people have been transitioning to a vegan diet and discusses the upsides and downsides. One concern Brown stated was the potential lack of vitamin B12. This vitamin helps to combat nerve damage and is found in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. It is recommended that 1.5 micrograms of this vitamin be consumed every day. A recently conducted study conducted at the University of Oxford with people who eat vegan diets indicated that they have a lower risk of heart disease, but a higher risk of stroke. According to Marco Springman, senior environmental sustainability, and public health researcher at the University of Oxford, it is unlikely a vegan diet can cause iron deficiency if you eat fruit and vegetables of all colors.  

3.Reflection: I believe this article sheds light on some misconceptions on the vegan diet, especially when it comes to iron deficiency. This article also points out the health benefits of veganism. Up staining from eating meat and other animal by products has many benefits, but also requires much research to sustain a balanced diet. I personally enjoyed reading this article as a person transitioning to a vegan diet. It helps to read different perspectives on the subject. 

4.Rhectorical Analysis: The author Jessica Brown is a freelance journalist. She has been published in many news outlets such as BBC, CNN, The Guardian, and Insider business. By Referring studies done by prestigious institutions, Brown successfully presents arguments that display the pros and cons of having a vegan diet. Brown’s freelance employment free’s her to research and write about whatever she is passionate about. 

5.Genre Analysis: Jessica Brown authored this article because of an increase in people transitioning to a vegan diet. She gathered all the necessary research and laid out the facts to justify whether there are health benefits to a vegan diet. 

6.Key Quotes:” While the evidence isn’t very strong for the vegan diet specifically, Cade says, the vegan diet seems to be linked to better general health, apart from bone density and fractures, which may be more common due to possible lower calcium intake, and the likelihood of B12 deficiency” 

“Vegans have a lower body mass index (BMI) which means better cholesterol levels and lower blood pressure, which is a major risk factor for heart disease. The vegan diet is much like any other. It can help to lower your risk of disease or increase it – depending on the foods you eat.” 

I chose these quotes because they convey the purpose of the article. They also prove that being vegan has health benefits but can also be harmful if not researched properly. 

1. Citation: St. Louis, Ermus. “Review of Taylor’s Fight the Power: African Americans and the Long History of Police Brutality in New York City.” Surveillance & Society, vol. 17, no. 3/4, 2019, pp. 571–73, https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i3/4.13393. 

2. Summary: In this article, the author talks about Clarence Taylor’s “Fight the Power: African Americans and the Long History of Police Brutality in New York City” and how His main argument is about two things. His first argument is that race was the main motivating factor behind police brutality in New York. His second argument is that the false representation of blacks as criminals has hindered efforts to meaningfully reform the New York Police Department. Fight the Power by Clarence Taylor is more than a detailed historical account of the struggles between police and black communities. It is also more than their fight for change. Beyond that, it is a call for police reformers to recognize that true reform needs to focus on reducing police power. This can only happen through the democratization of police agencies and by pushing for the thorough involvement of civilians in police organizations’ decision-making processes. Clarence Taylor also argues that the fight against police brutality has been one of the longest civil rights struggles in American history. 

3. Reflection: I think that this article is very important as it explains the fight for change in the New York City police department. It also highlights the primary goal of “Fight the Power” which is to raise awareness about the long history of police brutality in New York City and the efforts made by black activists and their allies to reduce the abuse in black communities.

4. Rhetorical analysis: The author Clarence Taylor does a great job of approaching this topic in the way he writes it. He also stresses what he is writing by stating facts about police brutality and the many causes that occurred to many in New York City. His writing style is excellent, and he is credible because of all the facts he wrote about police brutality. He also talks about the impact of police brutality in black communities, how it started, and the impact that it had on people. He wrote some great details about police brutality in black communities in New York City. The author’s purpose is to inform the reader about the impact of police brutality in New York City specifically black communities.

5. Genre Analysis: The author chose this genre because it was interesting to him to write about and because it had an immense amount of facts about it which led to him writing a ton of information about it. I believe that Clarence Taylor wrote this article as his commitment to raising awareness about the potential risks associated with excessive police brutality. He wants to further the discussion and educate those who are unaware of the issue. I believe this was a great choice for the intended audience because the personal aspect allows the reader to connect with Taylor and his concerns.

6. Key Quote: “The primary goal of Fight the Power is to raise awareness about the long history of police brutality in NYC and the efforts made by black activists and their allies to curtail the abuse. Taylor met this goal as each chapter, which serves as a mini history lesson on its own, is packed with hard-hitting facts that make it difficult to refute his claim that police brutality is a result of the intertwining of race (black) and the criminal justice system”. This quote introduces the concern and the original question I posed regarding the impact of police brutality, its effects, and how it can be prevented. This quote shows the author’s primary goal of the article which is to raise awareness of the issue of police brutality. 

1-Citation: “Superstorm Sandy: Facts about the Frankenstorm” LiveScience, By Tim Sharp, 27 Nov. 2012, 

2-Summary: This source has many facts about the event that happened back in 2012. It was an extremely tough time for many people. People passed away because of how devastating the storm was. On November 1^st of that year the death toll was at least 149. There were 42 deaths in New York, 12 deaths in New Jersey, 9 in Maryland, 6 in Pennsylvania, 5 in West Virginia, 4 in Connecticut, 2 in Virginia, and 1 in North Carolina. One person also died in Canada. Also 67 people were killed in the Caribbean and that is also including 54 in Haiti. As you can see there were a suitable number of deaths in many places which this article stated. It also stated how the hurricane started. The hurricane started as a tropical wave in the Caribbean. Then it became a tropical storm and eventually became a hurricane which had high wind speeds. Sandy tore through the Caribbean side and then came to the US Coast. It is crazy how powerful this storm was, and Streets were flooded, Trees and Power Lines were knocked down, and the city’s board walk was ripped apart. The storm was just an unstoppable force that could not disappear. 

3-Reflection: While reading this article, I certainly agree with what Tim Sharp states about the many factors of this disaster of a storm. His facts about the storm gave me lots of knowledge. Knowing how many people passed away and how the storm destroyed many homes shows how powerful of a storm it was. I also like how the article talks about the presidential campaign being interrupted by the storm. The election was hit by a storm making a significant impact. 

4-Rhetorical Analysis: The author Tim Sharp does an excellent job on how to approach this topic in the way he writes it and by putting great emphasis of what he is writing by stating facts about Sandy and the many causes that occurred to many states during that time. His writing style is great, and he is credible because of all the facts he wrote about the storm. The death toll, How the storm started, how it impacted many people, The presidential election being interrupted by the storm. He wrote some great details about the storm. 

5-Genre Analysis: The author chose this genre because it was interesting to him to write about and because it had many facts about it which led to him writing even more about it. During that time, it was an interesting topic to talk about, so he was invested in that topic, and it was a disaster of a storm. It is an excellent choice for the intended audience because it grabs your attention and you can see how many facts you could learn from this article, and it was an interesting article to read about. 

6-Key Quote: “Sandy will end up causing about $20 billion in property damage and $10 billion to more in lost business, Making it one of the costliest natural disasters on record in the United States.” This quote shows how devastating the storm was and how it destroyed a lot of property. 

Summary: Albert Einstein’s famous equation “E= mc2”, essentially means matter and energy are inseparable, and that energy is the basis of everything in our tangle universe. Do you ever notice when you’re sad or happy, things tend to be exactly what your mood is? When you start seeing the world with positive energy, everything seems to go smoothly and that is because in the physical world, everything manifests itself by the energies being drawn together. : Christy Whitman, a master-certified law of attraction coach in Scottsdale, Arizona, the founder of The Quantum Success Coaching Academy and author of The Desire Factor and Nolan, Ph.D., a licensed psychologist, Law of Attraction coach and former president of Southwestern College in Santa Fe, New Mexico, also engages with the thought of how Law of Attraction works. Whitman and Nolan both agree that the mind, attitude, acts one put into the world attract those who are alike of them. Nolan goes ahead to explain the pitfalls while manifesting. When one reaches too high for a desired goal and not show up, they’ll end up blaming themselves. Nolan states that it is important to keep goals realistic while manifesting. That means having the government give you a trillion dollars or having a magical unicorn. We have two experts putting their thoughts and words into this article shows how credible this article is. Whitman and Nolan both have PhDs and are passionate about allowing audiences to realize Law of Attraction exists and can be used to a certain extent. Not only does Whitman and Nolan explains how Law of attraction works and how it is a powerful tool that anyone can use, but also demonstrates the science behind it.

Reflection: While reading the article, I certainly agree with what Whitman and Nolan states. Their responses enlightened me in some aspect, and it made me learn quite a few things about Law of Attraction. However, knowing the basics of what Law of Attraction is, makes writing this research paper easy… and fun. Also, knowing that Law of Attraction is proven by PHD’s and medical experts and are linked to physics, shows that this isn’t some kind of nonsense one speaks of.

Rhetorical analysis: The author, Kimberly Dawn Neumann does a spectacular job at using experts to support her article making her credible. This dives deeper into the speculations of Law of Attraction. Her reasoning is not enough without evidence and proof; therefore, she uses experts with a title of a PhD to further support her argument. I believe Neumann chose this genre because she believes that people will use this source helpful when targeting the basics of Law of Attraction.

Short Analysis: I believe she wants the intended audience that are interested in this to be more educated so that when manifesting, they don’t do it incorrect. Individuals who take their time to read her article most likely wants to do something about it and that they are engaged.

Key Quote: Christy Whitman, a master-certified law of attraction coach in Scottsdale, Arizona, the founder of The Quantum Success Coaching Academy and author of The Desire Factor, states that “Conversely, the law of attraction says if you don’t like the quality of the experiences, you’re drawing to yourself, you can change them by adjusting your vibrational output, which means shifting your mood, attitude, words, thoughts or perspective.” I chose this quote because law of attraction is just that simple. It is not witchcraft or any magic. Anyone can use this to seek what they desire.

Citation: “What Is the Law of Attraction?” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 17 Aug. 2023, www.forbes.com/health/mind/what-is-law-of-attraction-loa/.

(I posted this on the due date 11/3, but I don’t know why it didn’t show up. I’m posting this in case you did not see it Professor Scanlan)

1. Citation: Van Dellen, Richard G. “Ethics of capital punishment.” Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 83, no. 1, Jan. 2008, pp. 118+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A173515554/AONE?u=cuny_nytc&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=b0c77f8c. Accessed 7 Nov. 2023.

• Summary: In this Letter Richard Van Dellen discusses the phycology aspect, as well as the ethics/moral drainage that physicians have to experience while being the ones responsible for deaths regarding the sentencings resulting in capital punishment.  According to Van Dellen human life should be appraised with deep and extreme reverence, further more delving into the involvement of mental health and the extremes of the physician’s job while reinforcing the important of the human life comes this quote, “The law of capital punishment while pretending to support this reverence, does in fact tend to destroy it.” Essentially introducing ethics or lack thereof, of capital punishment, its intended purpose, and what it actually achieves/accomplishes making us as a society no better, by introducing and contributing to the countless violence.

• Reflection: I think the letter introduces an opinion from someone directly connected to the topic as Van Dellen reinforces the importance of human life as well as building and expanding upon the idea of a safer world by concluding his letter with a very simple proposal/solution. The passion behind his research and asks provide the reader with further insight onto said importance and delicacy of human life.

• Rhetorical analysis: Van Dellen’s degree on immunology and medicine probably further contribute to his passion and knowledge on the topic. He uses emotion and a plethora of direct quotes in order to appropriately communicate his thoughts on the matter.  Through the use of the emotions and the quotes Van Dellen is effective in conveying the mental anguish of the physician, and the United States fighting fire with fire by even having such a punishment in place .

• Purpose analysis : I believe the letter was written the with intent of raising some sort of awareness contributing to the ideology and vision for the United States and its future.  The mental health of physician’s seems to be overlooked while the expectations for the job only seems to grow.  

• Key quote : He cites a study that individuals on execution teams use “selective moral disengagement,” “dehumanization,” and other psychological mechanisms to protect themselves. We dehumanize the condemned in order to kill them. In the process we dehumanize ourselves. Our society becomes a little less concerned and more numb about killing.”  The quote introduces the concern and the original question I posed regarding to the level of morality and mental anguish that can go into the process of having to live with yourself as the one responsible for deaths of inmates.  The idea of dehumanization is introduced, as not only physicians having to dehumanize themselves but having to dehumanize the PEOPLE they are responsible for killing in order to live with themselves post completion of said execution.

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1- Citation: Sonnert, G., Barnett, M. D., & Sadler, P. M. (2019). Short-term and long-term consequences of a focus on standardized testing in AP calculus classes. The High School Journal, 103(1), 1-17.

2- Summary: Sonnert, Barnett, and Sadler’s 2019 study, “Short-term and Long-term Consequences of a Focus on Standardized Testing in AP Calculus Classes,” examines the complex consequences of standardized testing in AP calculus classrooms. This research highlights the conflict between short-term advantages and long-term drawbacks of promoting standardized testing in education. This study examines the immediate and long-term effects of extensive standardized test preparation on students’ performance. The study’s surprising results show that AP calculus schools that emphasize standardized testing have short-term success. In particular, students who prepare for the AP exam score better, which is typically seen as proof that test-focused education works. However, the research reveals a concerning component of this technique. Long-term outcomes are worse for students with poorer math foundations and severe test-oriented education. A large focus on standardized testing in AP calculus negatively impacts college calculus scores, according to the research. This result raises issues about the sustainability and efficacy of teaching systems that emphasize exam prep over topic mastery.

3- Reflection: This study illustrates the many effects of standardized testing on education. It raises questions about the delicate balance between short-term exam scores and academic performance. The results emphasize the need for a more balanced education that balances immediate accomplishments with long-term learning. The research makes us consider how challenging standardized testing is and how it affects students. The research shows that intense exam preparation may boost short-term performance, but students without a firm basis in the topic may struggle. It requires revisiting instructional techniques that promote test preparedness above holistic learning. The report urges educators and office-bearers to rethink the importance of standardized testing and pursue a more balanced strategy that fosters a deeper grasp of the topic while respecting the importance of test excellence.

4- Rhetorical Analysis: Sonnert, Barnett, and Sadler are credible and experienced researchers. Their substantial publishing record and education knowledge make them recognized experts. This academic background supports the research’s results. The study’s tone is intellectual and data-driven, reflecting its meticulous research. The study’s reliability and rigor are assured by its rigorous, evidence-based, and comprehensive methodology. There are two main goals of this study. First, it intends to provide scientific data to the education debate over the effects of standardized testing on students. Second, the study encourages critical reflection on educational practices and pedagogical methodologies.

5- Key Quote: “Critics argue that, even if teaching to the test may benefit students in the short run (i.e., raise their scores on the standardized tests), that pedagogical practice does not help, and even hurts, students in the long run.” (Page 3) This quotation summarizes the research’s main finding, contrasting teaching to the test’s immediate advantages with long-term effects. It highlights the complexity of standardized testing and the need for a nuanced strategy to guarantee student’s long-term academic performance and well-being. The complicated relationship between short-term test performance and educational goals prompts a reconsideration of education approaches. It prompts readers to consider the complex dynamics of standardized testing and its effects on students learning.

1–Citation: Cross, Jennifer. “What Does Too Much Screen Time Do to Kids’ Brains?” NewYork-Presbyterian, 2023, healthmatters.nyp.org/what-does-too-much-screen-time-do-to-childrens-brains/. 

2–Summary: In this article, Dr. Jennifer Cross explains that increased screen time among young children may lead to delayed development, particularly in communication, problem-solving, and social skills. She also explained that excessive screen exposure, especially for children under 3, hinders their ability to engage in real-world exploration, affecting their overall learning and social development. Therefore, limiting screen time is recommended as it is essential in promoting children’s involvement in experiential learning, which develops creativity and problem-solving abilities through playing with toys. Language and communication abilities are greatly enhanced by engaging in mutual conversation with adults as opposed to one-way screen engagements. Mobile devices can be very addicting and can pose challenges for children. So, for kids under the age of 18 to 24 months, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against using screens. For preschoolers, the recommended daily screen time is one hour of excellent content for educational purposes, as it can help increase the social development of children as they grow up.

3–Reflection: I think this article is very important, as it emphasizes the role of parents and caregivers in managing children’s screen time and selecting appropriate, educational content, particularly highlighting the potential risks associated with unregulated screen use, as it can affect the child’s brain development. 

4–Rhetorical Analysis: Dr. Jennifer Cross studies children’s development and behavioral actions. So this article effectively communicates the potential risks associated with excessive screen time for young children. Through the use of expert opinions, scientific research, and persuasive language, the author successfully conveys the urgency of addressing the issue and provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted impacts of screen exposure on early childhood development.

5–Purpose Analysis: I believe that Dr. Jennifer Cross wrote this article as her commitment to raising awareness about the potential risks associated with excessive screen time among young children. Given her background in medicine and interest in child development, it’s possible that she has personally seen the negative effects of increased screen time on children’s emotional, social, and cognitive development. Her involvement with the article may be a reflection of her commitment to supporting healthy developmental practices for young children and arguing for the value of balanced screen usage.

6–Key Quote: “There is also some evidence that children who watch a lot of television during the early elementary school years perform less well on reading tests and may show deficits in attention.”

I chose this quote because it shows the main point of Dr. Jennifer Cross is trying to portray in the article. Its importance within the context of the article underscores the potential long-term impact of excessive screen time on children’s cognitive development. It serves as a critical piece of evidence supporting the article’s overarching argument

Gender inequality refers to the unequal treatment or opportunities that individuals experience based on their gender. In modern times, gender inequality persists and affects many aspects of life, particularly in occupations. Even with growth, inequality still is present, restricting the potential and well being of individuals across genders. I’ll be looking at the topic of gender inequality in the workplace and in society currently. While some changes have been made, significant areas remain in terms of representation, pay, and better career opportunities. For instance, Certain fields continue to be heavily dominated by one gender. For example, women are underrepresented in STEM fields, limiting their access to well-paying and high-demand careers.  Even with  the principle of equal pay for equal work, a constant wage gap exists between men and women. On average, women tend to earn less than their male co-workers for performing the same job. Although women have increased in taking part in the workforce, the workplace remains separated by gender. About half of  women work in lower paying office jobs, while men work in a much larger range of jobs, which includes higher paying jobs. Here are some examples of gender inequality: Unequal pay: Women often earn less than men for the same work. This is known as the gender pay gap. Lack of representation in leadership roles: Women are often underrepresented in leadership positions in business, politics, and other fields. Limited access to education: In some parts of the world, girls are less likely than boys to have access to education. Gender-based violence: Women are more likely than men to experience violence, harassment, and abuse. Discrimination in the workplace: Women may face discrimination in hiring, promotions, and opportunities for career advancement. These are just a few examples of gender inequality. Addressing gender inequality requires a concerted effort from individuals, organizations, and governments to promote policies and practices that promote gender equality and eliminate discrimination.

“Gender pay gap in U.S. hasn’t changed much in two decades” written by CAROLINA ARAGÃO

In this Article, Carolina Aragao brings speaks on the issue of gender inequality not just in the real world but also in the workforce. She first brings up the fact that the pay gap between genders and backs up her claim with a graph that shows gender pay gap in the U.S has not closed in recent years, but is narrowing among young workers.” After the fact, she goes more in depth saying that this is because of the ages of the workers but there was still a 18 cent difference. Furthermore, She goes more in detail stating that “Half of U.S adults say women being treated differently by employers is a major reason for the gender wage gap.” Again, she uses a graph that states that “women are treated differently by employers” with the net rating of 80%. Then, she uses a graph 2 more times to state the fact that women tend to make different choices about balancing work and family which resulted in a 75% net rating and lastly, with a net rating of 69% states that “women tend to work in jobs that pay less”. Lastly, She gives us another graph that states, “Among employed U.S adults, % who say they feel a great deal of pressure to…” “Focus on their responsibilities at home”, “Support their family finically” and “Be successful in their job or career”. In all of these they are in favor of men rather than the women.

After reading this article, I can say in my opinion I agree with the claims that was stated by the publisher. I say this because the claims by the publisher are all backed up with logical statements and graphs. Furthermore, the claims stated aren’t opinion based so therefore they have actual people backing it up as well.

I believe that the publisher chose this topic to write about because this has been a problem for a while now so she just wants to make a change in the workforce. Also, to have equal pay for equal work and to bridge the gap between genders in not just in the real world but also in the workforce.

A key quote I chose was, “Even though women have increased their presence in higher-paying jobs traditionally dominated by men, such as professional and managerial positions, women as a whole continue to be overrepresented in lower-paying occupations relative to their share of the workforce. This may contribute to gender differences in pay.” I chose this section of the article because it shows what the problem is directly also how this affects the females rather than the males.

“The Pandemic Has Made Homelessness More Visible in Many American Cities.” The Economist, The Economist Newspaper, www.economist.com/united-states/2021/08/02/the-pandemic-has-made-homelessness-more-visible-in-many-american-cities?utm_medium=cpc.adword.pd&utm_source=google&ppccampaignID=17210591673&ppcadID=&utm_campaign=a.22brand_pmax&utm_content=conversion.direct-response.anonymous&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwkY2qBhBDEiwAoQXK5ZIYemH8_Qb-tQ8mcsL8tUxLgS7dbIRTaJEueOONqtbpxivrGJ_UpRoCo4AQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds. Accessed 02 Nov. 2023. 

According to the author, the aftermath of the covid-19 pandemic made homelessness more perceivable to the public in many cities in America. The Department of Housing and Urban Development “estimates that 226,000 Americans were living unsheltered in December 2020, up by 30% since 2015”. A federal moratorium on evictions helped those who had trouble or were behind paying rent. This prevented them from getting evicted while the pandemic was occurring. Before the pandemic occurred, tents were mostly found in city centers up and down the West Coast. Now tents are scattered all over the suburban and leafy neighborhoods of Los Angeles, Portland, and Seattle. According to sociologist Karen Snedker, there was a 50% spike that was greater than normal seasonal change would suggest. It was hard to tell if the increased visibility of encampments necessarily meant that overall homelessness rose because states and cities across the country also moved people with covid-19 into hotels to quarantine. As a result of federal stimulus funds states were “swimming in money” but still were not able to reduce homelessness but merrily scratched its surface.  

I was shocked reading this article and finding out that no matter how much money America invested in homelessness, it always seemed to never be enough. Now I wonder if there will ever be a world where everyone has somewhere to call a home. I am inclined to believe the author because he used statistics and made the article not necessarily only one-sided.  

While the author could have appealed to the reader’s emotions by showing videos of how sleeping rough is hard, they instead choose to rely on facts and statistics which are more appropriate when dealing with questions of the numbers of homeless people.

1–Citation: Weizenbaum, Joseph. Introduction. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation. W. H. Freeman and Company, 1976, pg. 1-16.

2–Summary: In the introduction to his book, Weizenbaum writes about his own accounts and thoughts on the implications of artificial intelligence. He first gives background on himself and the topic of computers, then shares what shocked him about the public reception of his ELIZA program. Weizenbaum reveals that the psychotherapist role that ELIZA took was never meant to be taken seriously, lamenting over how the work has been misinterpreted. When he discovered how some psychiatrists believed that the software could replace the authentic profession, how some users developed emotional attachment, and how people believed it demonstrated understanding of language, he was in disbelief. Weizenbaum confesses his concerns for the future of humanity and its relationship with computers, rejecting the idea that computers will ever have uniquely human qualities. He states that, although people will become more dependent on machines, there are things that only humans should do. He proclaims that human judgment and emotion must be preserved, and cannot be replaced by the cold calculations of software.

3–Reflection: I believe that Weizenbaum’s writing, while a bit complex, was very interesting to read. The introduction was a very thoughtful gateway into the philosophical discussions of the impact that computers have. The text made me ruminate on the role of technology in the world and its scale. It is frightening to see how well his words hold up in the context of modern society, where there seems to be a great amount of dehumanization in the presence of algorithms and automation.

4–Rhetorical Analysis: Joseph Weizenbaum is a German computer scientist who became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964. The purpose of the text is to give context to the talking point of computers and the implications of their increasing use, as well as urging the reader to be cautious of putting too much faith in artificial intelligence. The intended audience of this text contains computer scientists, students, and anyone else who could be curious about the topic. The genre of the text could be described as a non-fiction philosophical exploration. Through his words, Weizenbaum shows a bias against heavy integration of software. I believe the author is credible because he has an established career in this technology, therefore having first-hand experience with it.

5–Purpose Analysis: I believe that Joseph Weizenbaum chose this genre to write in because he fears the dehumanization of the social order. He wants to further the discussion and educate those who are unaware of the issue. I believe this was a good choice for the intended audience because the personal aspect allows the reader to connect with Weizenbaum in his worries.

6–Key Quote: “I would argue that, however intelligent machines may be made to be. There are some acts of thought that ought to be attempted only by humans.” (pg. 13)

I chose this quote because it highlights Weizenbaum’s main point, which is that no matter how smart machines are, or seem to be, they should be considered a replacement to human reasoning and emotion.