In conclusion, while researching this topic, I learned an immense amount about police brutality. In all articles, there was a common factor that police brutality was prevalent in New York City, specifically black communities. Police brutality has been geared toward African-American individuals. Officers who are responsible or involved in altercations are still not being held accountable or stepping up to the plate and admitting to their wrongdoings. Police officers have to take out their personal beliefs and remember that their job duties and responsibilities are to protect and serve the public. Police officers and individuals have to realize that there are ways to prevent police brutality acts from taking place. Police brutality can be minimized if the government makes some structural reformation and recognizes the issue at hand. Furthermore, I think that all people should hear about the issue of police brutality, but it is most important for the police department to get this message and better themselves from worsening this problem. As a result, I’ve completed my Reflective Annotated Bibliography which was focused on the effects of police brutality in New York City in black communities and how it can be prevented.
Author: ekagya
Annotation 2
1. Citation: Amelio, L. D. (2013). “Who Do You Protect, Who Do You Serve?”: The Struggle Against Police Brutality in New York. New Politics, 14(2), 42–48.
2. Summary: In this article Lichi D’amelio discusses the increased use of police brutality in New York City. It also explores the history of concerns surrounding police violence. Throughout this article, D’amelio talks about the 1999 murder of 23-year-old Amadou Diallo and its impact on the community. A jury in Albany acquitted Boss, along with officers Edward McMeUon, Sean Carroll, and Richard Murphy, of all criminal charges and cleared them of any wrongdoing. The intensity and breadth of the outrage provoked by the verdict have left an indelible mark on the NYPD and the city. This brought out Protests from tens of thousands of New Yorkers and led to the arrests over the following weeks of nearly 1,800 protesters. D’amelio explains how the Diallo case sparked a fire in the New York City community, specifically the black community. Kadiatou Diallo, Amadou’s mother, demanded an explanation as to why the gun had been returned to her son’s murder. But her dreadful question captures the seemingly debatable place in which today’s struggle against police brutality in New York City finds itself. It should go without saying that the struggle against police violence extends well beyond the borders of New York City.
3. Reflection: I believe that this article is significant because it promotes awareness of the topic of police brutality. It also promotes a comprehensive understanding of the impact of police brutality in New York City and black communities. It clearly emphasizes the different ways police brutality can be prevented.
4. Rhetorical Analysis: Lichi D’amelio develops a persuasive and informative rhetorical strategy to address the topic of police brutality. Since D’amelio talks about the effects of police brutality in New York City and examples of police brutality on individuals in New York City, I believe that D’amelio is credible. Throughout the article, the author uses a balanced and empathetic tone to attract the reader to the main points that they’re trying to get across.
5. Genre Analysis: I believe that Lichi D’amelio chose this genre to write in because Lichi D’amelio wants to inform people of the potential dangers and risks that police brutality can have on the community. D’amelio wants to drive the conversation forward about the increase in police brutality and what it could mean for the future. I believe this was a good choice for the intended audience because the information is well-researched. It also asks questions and gives answers at the same time.
6. Key Quote: “In the face of what feels like a police department gone rogue, today’s movement against police brutality in New York City has seen some promising developments. Notably, the Stop Stop and Frisk movement has brought out into the open, often onto the pages of mainstream newspapers, the fact that police officers verbally and physically assault, harass, bully, beat, and otherwise violate the rights of (mostly) Black and Brown men in this city daily, and at an exponential rate. Increasing numbers of people are aware, for example, that nearly 700,000 Stop, Question and Frisks (SQF) were conducted in 2011, that 87 percent of those stops are of Blacks and Latinos, that nearly 90 percent of those stopped are innocent of any wrongdoing at all, and that a minuscule amount of guns are found during these stops (about 0.1 percent).[1] Of course, Black and Brown’s women have not been able to escape this profoundly racist practice and, by their sex, are forced to endure another humiliating aspect of police power — sexual intimidation, harassment, and assault”. This quote shows how the police department is trying to make amends for the brutality that they have shown over the years. It also shows how they are dealing with people of color specifically the black community and how they have not been able to escape the profoundly racist practice of police brutality.
Annotation 3
1. Citation: “Police Brutality Must End. (Police Brutality Can Be Found in Many Parts of the Country, but It Is Especially Prevalent in New York City and Los Angeles, California).” The Progressive (Madison), vol. 64, no. 4, The Progressive, Inc, 2000, pp. 8–8.
2. Summary: In this article the author explains how police brutality is a major problem in the cities of New York City and Los Angeles. The author explains how Mayor Giuliani failed to respond the right way when Diallo, an African American immigrant, was fatally shot by the police forty-one times. Throughout his time as Mayor Giuliani has shown his failed discretion towards civil rights and his eagerness to impose the law at all costs. The author goes out to state that nearly all the victims in the cases of deaths in custody and police shootings were from racial minorities, specifically African Americans, Latinos, and Asians. The author then goes on to say that sensible recommendations are that federal aid to police departments should be contingent on regular reports concerning excessive force and on improvements in oversight and discipline.
3. Reflection: This source is exceptionally reliable because it is short but good in terms of showing the audience an immense amount of details on the different things that occur in New York City. There were many examples of police brutality in New York City and the author did a great job in explaining it. This article was very interesting. It was filled with a lot of information on police brutality and its effects on the black community. I believe that what I read was a reliable source and it was good evidence of how police brutality caused problems in New York City.
4. Rhetorical Analysis: The author who wrote this source did a great job of making the details interesting and getting straight to the point of what they were portraying. The author’s purpose is to provide the reader with a lot of information on how police brutality affects black communities in New York City and how it can be prevented. The writing style of the article feels like a formal and informative tone, considering the topic of the article.
5. Genre Analysis: I believe that the author chose this genre of academic research article to provide a comprehensive and evidence-based article on the subject of police brutality. This article will positively impact various aspects of society, contributing to the increased awareness of police brutality and how it can be prevented. This genre fits nicely with argumentative and informative writing. The author wants to drive the conversation forward about the impact of police brutality and what it could mean for the future. I believe this was a good choice for the intended audience because the information is well-researched.
6. Key Quote: “Many of the people allegedly kicked or beaten by police were not criminals. suspects but people who had simply questioned police authority Or had minor disagreements with officers”. This quote shows the abuse of the police force and how it negatively impacted people. The author states this because he wants to inform the reader about police brutality and its effects on the community of New York City.
1. Citation: St. Louis, Ermus. “Review of Taylor’s Fight the Power: African Americans and the Long History of Police Brutality in New York City.” Surveillance & Society, vol. 17, no. 3/4, 2019, pp. 571–73, https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i3/4.13393.
2. Summary: In this article, the author talks about Clarence Taylor’s “Fight the Power: African Americans and the Long History of Police Brutality in New York City” and how His main argument is about two things. His first argument is that race was the main motivating factor behind police brutality in New York. His second argument is that the false representation of blacks as criminals has hindered efforts to meaningfully reform the New York Police Department. Fight the Power by Clarence Taylor is more than a detailed historical account of the struggles between police and black communities. It is also more than their fight for change. Beyond that, it is a call for police reformers to recognize that true reform needs to focus on reducing police power. This can only happen through the democratization of police agencies and by pushing for the thorough involvement of civilians in police organizations’ decision-making processes. Clarence Taylor also argues that the fight against police brutality has been one of the longest civil rights struggles in American history.
3. Reflection: I think that this article is very important as it explains the fight for change in the New York City police department. It also highlights the primary goal of “Fight the Power” which is to raise awareness about the long history of police brutality in New York City and the efforts made by black activists and their allies to reduce the abuse in black communities.
4. Rhetorical analysis: The author Clarence Taylor does a great job of approaching this topic in the way he writes it. He also stresses what he is writing by stating facts about police brutality and the many causes that occurred to many in New York City. His writing style is excellent, and he is credible because of all the facts he wrote about police brutality. He also talks about the impact of police brutality in black communities, how it started, and the impact that it had on people. He wrote some great details about police brutality in black communities in New York City. The author’s purpose is to inform the reader about the impact of police brutality in New York City specifically black communities.
5. Genre Analysis: The author chose this genre because it was interesting to him to write about and because it had an immense amount of facts about it which led to him writing a ton of information about it. I believe that Clarence Taylor wrote this article as his commitment to raising awareness about the potential risks associated with excessive police brutality. He wants to further the discussion and educate those who are unaware of the issue. I believe this was a great choice for the intended audience because the personal aspect allows the reader to connect with Taylor and his concerns.
6. Key Quote: “The primary goal of Fight the Power is to raise awareness about the long history of police brutality in NYC and the efforts made by black activists and their allies to curtail the abuse. Taylor met this goal as each chapter, which serves as a mini history lesson on its own, is packed with hard-hitting facts that make it difficult to refute his claim that police brutality is a result of the intertwining of race (black) and the criminal justice system”. This quote introduces the concern and the original question I posed regarding the impact of police brutality, its effects, and how it can be prevented. This quote shows the author’s primary goal of the article which is to raise awareness of the issue of police brutality.
When it comes to police brutality it is a very sensitive topic that requires an immense amount of attention. Some might ask what is police brutality and why is it a problem. Well, police brutality is the excessive and unwarranted use of force by law enforcement against an individual or a group that is unwilling to comply with officer orders. It is an extreme form of police misconduct and is a civil rights violation. Police brutality is a problem because many black people lose their life from it and they often get their rights deprived from it. Many have known all too well that law enforcement has victimized communities of color throughout U.S. history. Throughout history, the black community has dealt with the effects of police violence in different ways. Calls for defunding the police and dismantling a racist criminal justice system echoed across communities. The issue of police violence is finally receiving the attention it justifiably deserves. However, this is not enough for the issue is ongoing and is beginning to get worse as time goes on. Now when it comes to police brutality, how has it affected black communities in New York City and how can it be prevented? What are the causes of police brutality? Unfortunately, there have been numerous instances of police brutality in both the United States and New York City. A prominent example of this was The George Floyd case which received widespread media attention in the United States and sparked protests across the country beginning in May 2020. Floyd was a 46-year-old black man who was murdered by police officer Derek Chauvin after being arrested for using a suspected counterfeit bill. Chauvin knelt on the neck of George Floyd for more than nine minutes while he was lying face-down on the street, handcuffed. As a result of Floyd’s death, reforms for law enforcement accountability were passed, and policies were implemented. This paper will dive deeper into the problem of police brutality in black communities in New York City.
Source: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/a-crisis-within-a-crisis-police-killings-of-black-emerging-adults/
Word count: 339
In “Annoying Ways People Use Sources” by Kyle D. Stedman explains different encounters that he faces when it comes to the many ways that people embody sources in their writing. Moreover Stedman points out the lack of quoting and citing he has encountered and different ways to improve them. He uses the example of drivers driving slow in the fast lane and the driver getting annoyed because he knows if someone is in the fast lane that means that they should be going fast. Stedman concludes by saying that people should learn how to use sources in the right context.
The source provided seems like a trusted source because the author makes his point clearly which includes references with examples. This source also contains his name and contact information.
After reading both texts “When I Was Puerto Rican”, by Esmeralda Santiago and “Five Minds for the Future” by Howard Gardner, I found Esmeralda Santigo’s “When I was Puerto Rican to be more interesting. This was because I can relate to her story. My parents’ first language wasn’t always English. Their first language was Twi in which there was a language barrier when speaking to others. They had to learn how to speak English. It wasn’t easy like Santiago, they struggled. It was her school experience that I found very enjoyable. When Santiago was trying her best to speak English she made some mistakes, it was enough for her to communicate to others. Santiago persisted that she be placed in the eighth grade. Despite being placed with the “dumb” kids she was able to persevere and obtain the highest grades on the midterms.
In Helen Keller’s “The Most Important Day” she faced some challenges growing up. She describes her experience of being blind and how it affected her in her life. She explains her most important day to be when she learned how to read, write, and speak different words like water, doll, and mug. Her teacher Anne Mansfield Sullivan helped her by teaching her different words through actions. For example in the text when her teacher took her by someone who was drawing water her teacher placed her hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. Somehow the mystery of language was revealed to to. She knew then that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over her hand. That living word awakened her soul, gave it light, hope, and joy, and set it free. After meeting Anne Mansfield Sullivan her life changed for the better.
