Buhiyan Md Fazle Rabbi, Annotated Bibliography Sources

Citation 1:  

Yount, Kathryn M., et al. “Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh: A 

Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis.” Demography, vol. 53, no. 6, Population Association of America 

(Springer), 2016, pp. 1821–52, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0520-8.  

Summary:  

According to the article here we can see that child marriage before 18 is a risk factor for  

intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Bangladesh has the highest prevalence of IPV and very 

 early child marriage (before age 15). Using panel data (2013-2014) from 3355 women first married 4-12 

years prior in 77 Bangladeshi villages, we tested the protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage 

(at age 18 or older), the adverse effect of a higher village prevalence of very early child marriage, and 

whether any protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage was diminished or reversed in 

villages where very early marriage was more prevalent. Collectively reducing very early child marriage 

maybe needed to protect women from IPV. 

Reflection: 

I agree with the text. This is an article where the author showed his opinion with the information. Here 

he maintains the very important issues of early marriage from Bangladesh. He supported his opinion 

with sources and statics. The village area people of Bangladesh mindset and their injustice with their  

child showed very brightly. Also enlighten the fact how a child marriage can determine a woman’s life.  

One text I want to quote is “Despite the high prevalence among women of (very early) child marriage 

and its noted geographic patterning (Kamal 2010), no studies in Bangladesh have assessed how the  

Village prevalence of very early marriage may influence the risk that a woman experiences IPV” (page  

1825). One question I have about the text is why no studies in Bangladesh have assessed the risk that a 

 woman experiences IPV? I do not understand what geographic patterning is. Other information 

to understand I need to look up a little deep research about the background of an early child 

marriage in Bangladesh. I think I would say to the author we could see more clarifications about some 

sources and digging a little deeper for the texts which are complicated. This document shows the 

statics about my research question. This document explained well about the definition of early 

marriage. Many places in the country are engaged in this issue. It proves the point of my research 

question. 

Rhetorical Factors 

I feel this is good writing. But some parts of the article are hard to understand. Here author intended 

audience are people who need specific data about the issue and purpose of this article is showing 

information about the early marriage in Bangladesh. Also, I think yes, the genre is effective. It makes 

sense because he tried to show the information and he did it successfully and he also showed his 

sources to prove his information and it connected well. I believe this is a credible author and document 

because Duke University Press published the article on behalf of the Population Association of 

America. Which is a solid source to know.  

Quotation: 

“In light of this discussion, a relevant question is how a woman’s marriage in adulthood (age 18 or 

older) is associated with her risk of IPV in communities where very early child is more prevalent” (page 

1826). 

Citation 2: 

Field, Erica, and Attila Ambrus. “Early Marriage, Age of Menarche, and Female Schooling Attainment in 

Bangladesh.” The Journal of Political Economy, vol. 116, no. 5, The University of Chicago Press, 2008, 

pp. 881–930, https://doi.org/10.1086/593333.  

Summary: 

In much of the developing world, adolescent, and child marriage continues to be a strong social norm, 

particularly for girls. On average, girls who marry as adolescents attain lower schooling, have lower 

social status in their husbands’ families, report less reproductive control, and suffer higher rates of 

maternal mortality and domestic violence. Using data from rural Bangladesh, we explore the hypothesis 

that women attain less schooling as a result of social and financial pressure to marry young.  

  
Reflection:  

I strongly agree with the text. The reason I agree with the text is because it is true in Bangladesh 

education of girls is strongly advised in society. But people still look for equal match or they still 

think backwards in time and their poverty is another reason. Although economically Bangladesh is in 

better place than ever but still some parts of the country remain in darkness, where domestic violence 

exists. One text I want to quote is “the pressure for early marriage remains a powerful force that shapes 

the alternatives girls have and constrains their access to secondary education” Regarding this quote I 

have a question. Why is there no option for girls to report their problem? Other information I need to 

look for is like what is the mindset for the parents of a young girl. Next thing I want to say is to the 

author about the information he is providing is excellent and on point. This document is related to my 

research question because it shows the proof of a young girl’s vulnerability and why early marriage is 

ruining their life. Also, Its shows the domestic violence they suffered in their marriage life. 

Rhetorical Factors:  

The writing of the author is quite easy to understand and also, he showed his sources which makes his 

writing more trustworthy. In this article the author intended audience will be the people who do not 

know a lot about the situation and the people who are seeking to understand the problem. The purpose 

the article is to letting people know outside the country or the people who are not aware of the 

this problem. The genre in this article is effective. The choice of genre makes sense and the author 

accomplished what he intended. I know this is a credible author and document because it published by 

the University of Chicago Press.   

Quotation:  

“In contrast, a girl’s education is rarely valued in traditional marriage markets and so would not directly 

improve her choice set” (page 886). 

Citation 3: 

“Forced To Marry At 13: Bangladesh’s Child Brides.” YouTube, Journeyman Pictures, 26 Mar. 2018, 

youtu.be/ByihqfIFVIE. 

Summary:  

In this video the report is about early marriage. How a 13-year-old girl was forced to marry.”I want to be 

so many things when I grow up. I want to be a doctor so I can help people”, says Beezly, a 13-year-old 

schoolgirl. But her parents have other plans for their daughter: they have arranged to wed her to a man 

twice her age. Yet without a more fundamental challenge to the value placed on girls, it will be an uphill 

battle to break the cycle. In February 2017, the Bangladeshi Government passed a new law to allow girls 

under 18 to marry if local officials, parents and the courts agree. 

Reflection:  

I agree with the documentary. The documentary showed Beezly was dreaming about so many things 

from her life. But her very early marriage just ruined her life forever. There are also girls like Majeeda 

who are suffering from physical conditions because of early marriage. One text I want to quote is 

“Keshab Roy’s niece poisoned herself when her family tried to force her into marriage. ‘I keep thinking 

of her. Why isn’t she here? How many more girls are going to die like this?’ he asks. He now tries to 

convince families not to force young daughters into marriage and organize cinema screenings to 

broadcast his message to a wider audience.” How far can Keshab Roy go with his initiative? That is my 

question. Other information to understand this documentary I need to look for the rules of Bangladesh 

child marriage age and why there is not much action yet? One thing I want to say to the reporter is why 

they are not asking questions to the government people. This documentary represents my research 

question with visual and direct messages from the people who suffered in their life and also how people 

still think about a girl child. 

Rhetorical Factors: 

This is a documentary. It represents the situation of Bangladesh early marriage issue. The documentary 

is in good shape, and they tried to show how miserable it can be for the victims. The documentary is to 

show the audience how young girls are living their life in Bangladesh and what is their situation or how 

they are trapped in society. Yes, I think the genre is effective and the documentary accomplished the 

intended genre. This is a credible documentary. Journeyman Pictures published it online. Also, Al 

Jazeera– Ref 7271 included to be more specific. Al Jazeera is a television news channel broadcast to the 

worldwide by Al Jazeera network media.  

Quotation:  

“Well daughters are expensive if she goes to school you have to buy her books so having a daughter is a 

problem if she goes to her husband’s house then there is no issues with expenses” (min 15:47).