All posts by Euisuk Sung

Developing Rubrics

This article is collecting articles and online resources about Rubrics. In the distance learning environment, having a fair and effective rubric is becoming more important to evaluate open-ended assignments.

1.What is Rubrics

A description guideline that helps students and instructors grade the qualities of learning outcomes of students for the open-ended assignment.

2.Types of Rubrics

Holistic

Analytic

 

3.Template

Level 1Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β Level 2Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β Level 3Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β  Β Level 4

Performance attribute 1

Performance attribute 2

Performance attribute 3

 

4. Writing rubrics

a) set the scale

three levels, four levels, five levels, or seven levels

 

b) define the rating

4 = advanced; 3) proficient; 2) basic; 1) beginning

When developing rating, I am encouraging do not use negative terms such as novice, below expectations. I met some students who was upset about my grading based on my rubrics, though they got a relatively good grade. Because they believed that their performances were not good as the rating label contains negative terms.

c) identify basic descriptions

4 – advanced ability to …

3- proficient ability to

2- developing ability to

1-starting ability to

d) Describe performance description for each number on the scale

 

 

 

  • Resources
  1. Developing effective rubrics for PBL learning.

http://ete.cet.edu/gcc/?/pbl_developing/

 

2. Developing rubrics for assessment from University of New England

https://assess.pages.tcnj.edu/files/2011/06/Developing-Rubrics.pdf

 

Reflection on distance learning for South Korea (Written in Korean)

μ•ˆλ…•ν•˜μ„Έμš”? μ €λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œ μ€‘κ³ λ“±ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ μ•½ 9λ…„ κ°„ κ·Όλ¬΄ν–ˆκ³ , μ§€κΈˆμ€ CUNY (City University of New York)의 NYC College of Technology의 Career and Technology Teacher Educationν•™κ³Όμ—μ„œ 쑰ꡐ수 (assistant professor)둜 κ·Όλ¬΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 저희도 COVID-19둜 인해 μ§€λ‚œ 3μ›” 첫째주뢀터 κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ 온라인 κ°•μ˜λ‘œ μ „ν™˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ „ν™˜μ΄λΌ μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” μ‹œν–‰μ°©μ˜€λ„ 많고 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λΆˆλ§Œλ„ λ§Žμ§€λ§Œ μ„œμ„œνžˆ 자리λ₯Ό 작고 μžˆλŠ” μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œ 온라인 κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ λŠλ‚€ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ 생각듀을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

  1. 온라인 κ°œν•™μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할은?

μ§€κΈˆ ν•œκ΅­μ—μ„œ EBSλ₯Ό 톡해 κ΅­μ˜μˆ˜μ‚¬κ³Ό ꡐ과 μœ„μ£Όλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©λœ λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ 방솑을 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 이에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§Žμ€ 뢄듀이 쒋은 ν˜„μƒμ΄λΌκ³  말씀을 ν•΄μ£Όκ³  κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, 제 첫 λ°˜μ‘μ€, 이게 κ΅μ‚¬λ‚˜ ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 맀우 μœ„ν—˜ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ‹μ΄λΌκ³ λŠ” 생각이 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, μ „κ΅­μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λˆ„κ°€ 더 λ§Žμ€ 수혜λ₯Ό λ°›μ„κΉŒμš”? κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œ μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜κ°€ ν‰λ“±μΈλ°μš”. μ˜μ–΄μ—μ„œ 평등은 (곡평)κ³Ό  평등(equality)으둜 μ„ΈλΆ„ν™” ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 곡평 (equity)은 μΆœλ°œμ μ€ λ‹€λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œ 평등을 κ°€μ Έμ˜¬ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 지원을 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄κ³ μš”.  평등(equality)은 λΆ„λ°°μ˜ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œμ˜ 같은 μ–‘μ˜ 지식을 λ™λ“±ν•˜κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ 곡평 (equity)κ³Ό 평등 (equality)을 λͺ¨λ‘ 신경써야 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 졜근의 νλ¦„μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μΆœμ‹ μ΄λ‚˜ 지역에 관계없이 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 같은 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό ν–₯ν•΄ 갈 수 μžˆλŠ” 곡평 (equity)의 κ°œλ…μ΄ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  이야기 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 EBSμ—μ„œ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ—…ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 이것은 평등 (equality)μΌκΉŒμš”? μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 곡평(equity)에 κ°€κΉŒμšΈκΉŒμš”? λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λŒ€ν˜• κ°•μ˜κ°€ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜λ“―μ΄ EBS κ°•μ˜μ—μ„œ 쀑간 λ“±μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 이해 μˆ˜μ€€μ— λ§žλ„λ‘ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ 될 것이고, κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 평등 (equality)의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•œ 것이라고 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  μˆ˜μ€€ 높은 강사가 쒋은 ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό μ „κ΅­μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ μ œκ³΅λœλ‹€λ©΄ 쒋은 μΌμ΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έκ±Έ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” 학생듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 같은 지식을 μŠ΅λ“ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ³Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ—¬κΈ°μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것이 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν• μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할은 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ¬΄μ—‡μΈκ°€μš”? κ·Έλƒ₯ μΆœμ„μ²΄ν¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΈκ°€μš”? μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 듣지 μ•ŠλŠ” 학생듀을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄μ„œ λ“£κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΈκ°€μš”? Β μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•΄ β€œκ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ ν•™μŠ΅ λ‚΄μš©μ„ 재 해석해 ν•™μƒμ˜ 지적 λŠ₯λ ₯, 사전 지식, μ‚¬νšŒμ  배경에 맞게 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 것”이라고 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  ν’ˆμ§ˆ 쒋은 κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό μ „κ΅­μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ 무료둜 λ‚˜λˆ μ€€λ‹€λ©΄ 정말 마슀크 2λΆ€μ œμ²˜λŸΌ 쒋은 아이디어가 될 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ΅μœ‘μ€ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ‹¨μˆœν•˜κ²Œ 거래될 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒν’ˆμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.

그럼 λ‹€μ‹œ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이런 온라인 κ°œν•™μ„ ν•΄μ•Όν•  수 밖에 μ—†λŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 역할은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”? κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” κ΅μœ‘κ³Όμ •μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ „λ¬Έμ μœΌλ‘œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κ³ , 학ꡐ와 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 상황을 λˆ„κ΅¬λ³΄λ‹€ 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ „λ¬Έκ°€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이런 μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ˜ 역할을 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 진도체크에 μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 큰 낭비일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 ꡐ사 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œλ„ 전문성을 μ‚΄λ €μ„œ κ°œλ³„ν™”, 차별화할 수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό μ–»μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ €λŠ” 개인적으둜 저희 λ”Έμ˜ μ‚¬λ‘€μ—μ„œ 원격 ꡐ윑의 쒋은 점듀을 많이 배우고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 저희 딸은 λ―Έκ΅­ λ‰΄μ €μ§€μ˜ ν•˜μ›ŒμŠ€λΌλŠ” μ§€μ—­μ˜ 곡립 μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅μ— λ‹€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 맀일 μ•„μΉ¨ 8μ‹œ 반이 되면 학ꡐ ꡐμž₯ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ „λ‚  λ…Ήν™”ν•œ λΉ„λ””μ˜€λ₯Ό μœ νˆ¬λΈŒμ— μ˜¬λ €λ†“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±°κΈ°μ—λŠ” 미ꡭ판 κ΅­λ―Όμ˜λ‘€ (pledge)κ°€ ν¬ν•¨λ˜κ³ μš”. ꡐμž₯ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ 학생 μˆ˜μ€€μ— λ§žλŠ” μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ 였늘의 μ˜λ―Έλ‚˜ 였늘 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  일듀을 κ°„λž΅νžˆ μ†Œκ°œν•΄μ£Όμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ‚˜μ„œ 9μ‹œμ—λŠ” λ‹΄μž„ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ³Ό Google Hangout으둜 30λΆ„ 정도 화상 톡화λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ 학생듀이 였늘 λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•  ν•™μŠ΅ 과제λ₯Ό μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκ³  일뢀 μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ°œλ…μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 직접 μˆ˜μ—…λ„ ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ 아이듀은 μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έλ„ ν•˜κ³ , ν•™μŠ΅μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό λ†’μ΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그러고 λ‚˜λ©΄ μ•„μ΄λŠ” μ˜€μ „ λ‚΄λ‚΄ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ λ‚΄μ–΄μ€€ 과제λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄ˆλ“±ν•™κ΅ 3학년인 μ•„μ΄λŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μˆ™μ œλ₯Ό ν˜Όμžμ„œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 가끔 사진을 μ°κ±°λ‚˜ λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ—…λ‘œλ“œ ν•˜λŠ” 것과 같은 기술적인 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œλŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨κ°€ 도움을 μ£Όμ§€λ§Œ λ‚΄μš© μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μ „ν˜€ 도움을 주지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ˜€μ „μ— 과제λ₯Ό ꡬ글 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λ£Έμ— μ—…λ‘œλ“œλ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜€ν›„μ—λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ³Όμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ κ°œλ³„ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ ν•΄μ£Όμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 아이듀은 μ•½κ°„ λŠ¦μ€ μ˜€ν›„μ— μžμ‹ μ˜ ν•™μŠ΅ λ‚΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ €λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν•™κ΅λ‚˜ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, 이런 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ†μ—μ„œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ 생각을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ΅μ‚¬λŠ” ν•™μŠ΅λ‚΄μš© 전달 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ν•™μƒμ˜ λ°œλ‹¬ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λ‚˜ λ°°κ²½, ν•™μŠ΅ 진행 정도λ₯Ό λˆ„κ΅¬λ³΄λ‹€ 잘 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  있고, 학생듀이 μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 동기뢀여λ₯Ό 해쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ ν•™μŠ΅ 결과에 λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ€„ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이런 것듀은 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‚˜ AI둜 λŒ€μ²΄λ  수 μ—†λŠ” κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 고유 μ˜μ—­μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆμ˜ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μΌκ΄€μ„±μžˆλŠ” 높은 ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것도 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이런 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ 전문성을 ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆλ„ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

  1. ν‹°μΉ­μ—μ„œ λŸ¬λ‹μœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜

였래 μ „λΆ€ν„° λ§Žμ€ ꡐ윑 ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ 학생듀은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•™μŠ΅μ„ ν•˜λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•΄ μ™”κ³ , λŒ€ν‘œ 연ꡬ진듀이2000년에 How People Learn μ΄λΌλŠ” 책을 λ°œκ°„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ—λ„ λ²ˆμ—­λ³Έμ΄ μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ±…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 μ±…μ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ „λΆ€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ ν•œ 가지 κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 점은 학생듀은 Active LearnerλΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 학생듀은 더 이상 μˆ˜λ™μ μΈ 쑴재둜 λ³΄μ•„μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 학생듀은 재각기 λ‹€λ₯Έ 사전 지식과 관심 λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  ꡐ싀에 λ“€μ–΄μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 인지 μˆ˜μ€€κ³Ό κ²½ν—˜, 관심에 λ§žλŠ” κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ€„λ•Œ λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ 학생듀은 ν•™μŠ΅μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•˜λŠ” EBSλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ 일괄적인 μ§€μ‹μ˜ μ „λ‹¬μ΄λ‚˜ 학년별 λ‚΄μš© 체계λ₯Ό ν†΅μΌν•˜λŠ” 것듀을 λ°”λΌλ³΄λ©΄μ„œ ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ 우리 ꡐ윑이 과거둜 Β νšŒκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹Œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 생각을 ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ΅μœ‘ν•™μ—μ„œ ν–‰λ™μ£Όμ˜(Behaviorism)λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄ μΈμ§€μ£Όμ˜(Cognitivism), ꡬ성 주의 (Constructivism), μ‚¬νšŒμ  μΈμ§€μ£Όμ˜ (Social Cognitivism) 그리고 μ΅œκ·Όμ—λŠ” 상황 인지 (Situated cognition)λ₯Ό λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μΈμ§€μ£Όμ˜μ—μ„œλŠ” 학생듀은 슀슀둜 지식을 μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 지식을 μž¬κ΅¬μ„± ν•˜λ €λ©΄ 학생 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€ μžμ‹ μ΄ λͺ°λžλ˜ 점에 λŒ€ν•΄ 생각을 ν•˜κ³  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 받아듀이고, 그것을 μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ‘λ‡Œ 속에 μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œμ„ΈμŠ€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆμ²˜λŸΌ μœ νˆ¬λΈŒλ‚˜ μ˜¨λΌμΈμ— 지식이 λ„˜μ³λ‚˜λŠ” μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ ꡳ이 μ§€μ‹μ˜ 전달을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 티칭을 고집할 μ΄μœ λŠ” μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 였히렀 μš”μ¦˜ 세상에 κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μ„€λͺ…이 쑰금만 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 이해가 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ 학생듀은 λ°”λ‘œ ꡬ글링을 톡해 λ°”λ‘œμž‘μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ 온라인 ꡐ윑의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ”Online teachingμ΄λΌλŠ” 말은 제게 맀우 μƒμ†Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ Online Learning, Distance Learning처럼 ν•™μŠ΅μ΄λΌλŠ” 말을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ•„λ§ˆλ„, ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 미ꡭ식 ꡐ윑이 teachingλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” learning을 더 μ€‘μ‹œν•˜λŠ” ν’ν† λΌμ„œ 그럴 수 도 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 온라인 ꡐ윑이 κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ” νŠΉμ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹κΉŒλ„ μƒκ°ν•΄λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 컴퓨터 μ•žμ—μ„œ 학생듀을 μ•‰ν˜€λ†“κ³  ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œμ²˜λŸΌ μ˜€μ „ 9μ‹œλΆ€ν„° μ˜€ν›„ 3μ‹œκΉŒμ§€ κ³΅λΆ€λ§Œ ν•  수 있게 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯에 κ°€κΉŒμš΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그럼 μ–΄λ–€ λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄ μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 학생듀이 지적 탐ꡬ심을 κ°–κ³  슀슀둜 μ°Ύκ³  μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” ν˜•νƒœμ˜ ꡐ윑으둜의 μ „ν™˜μ΄ 이뀄진닀면 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”? 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 쀑학ꡐ 1ν•™λ…„μ—μ„œ β€œκΈ°μˆ κ³Ό 발λͺ…β€μ΄λΌλŠ” 주제둜 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ΅κ³Όμ„œμ˜ λ‚΄μš©λ§Œμ„ μš”μ•½ν•΄μ„œ ppt ν˜•μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ „λ‹¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 10뢄이면 λ‚΄μš©μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ 마칠 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, β€œCOVID-19의 μœ„κΈ° μ†μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 발λͺ…ν•œ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ°Ύμ•„ κ·Έ 원리와 μ‚¬νšŒμ— 미친 영ν–₯을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬ 000ν˜•μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 00맀 μ΄λ‚΄λ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ‹œμ˜€β€μ™€ 같은 open-ended 과제λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ , 학생듀이 슀슀둜 연ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ, 온라인 κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œλŠ” β€œκ°€λ₯΄μΉ¨β€μ—μ„œ β€œν•™μŠ΅β€μœΌλ‘œμ˜ μ „ν™˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

저도 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 온라인으둜 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,  맀주 3μ‹œκ°„ λΆ„λŸ‰μ„teaching으둜만 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 상상할 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 제 μˆ˜μ—… μ „λž΅μ€ 10λΆ„ 정도 학생듀과 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 인사 λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆˆ ν›„ λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 1μ‹œκ°„μ€ λ‚΄μš© 전달과 토둠을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ—μ„œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ λ°›μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” 것은 맀우 μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 쀑간 쀑간 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 이름을 일일이 호λͺ…ν•˜λ©° λŒ€λ‹΅μ„ μœ λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό 학생듀은 μžμ‹ μ˜ 이름이 뢈렀질까 진μž₯을 ν•˜κ²Œ 되고 μˆ˜μ—…μ— μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ ν•œμ‹œκ°„ λ°˜μ€ 과제λ₯Ό λ‚΄μ–΄ μ£Όκ³  그룹으둜 과제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ³Όμ œλŠ” 단 μ‹œκ°„ 내에 끝낼 수 μ—†λŠ”, 연ꡬ와 ν† λ‘  그리고 더 λ§Žμ€ 생각을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” open-ended ν˜•μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄μ–΄ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹¨λ‹΅ν˜• 닡을 μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” β€œList, name, is this…” 같은 질문 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”β€In what ways”, β€œhow can we better … β€λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 학생듀이 과제λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ” ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ κ·Έλ£Ή μ²΄νŒ…λ£Έκ³Ό Google Doc을 λ‹€λ‹ˆλ©° ν”Όλ“œλ°±κ³Ό ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 진도λ₯Ό μ²΄ν¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

μ§€κΈˆ 온라인 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ λ“€μ—μ„œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ μ œμž‘ν•œ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ£Œκ°€ 많이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”. ν˜Ήμ‹œ κ΅μ‚¬μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ μ§€μ‹μ˜ 전달에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 맞좘 것이 μ•„λ‹Œμ§€ λŒμ•„λ³΄λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 인지 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ μ μ ˆν•œ κ³Όμ œκ°€ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€, 그리고 그것에 λŒ€ν•œ ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ œκ³΅ν•  것인지에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ 온라인 κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ μ΄ˆμ μ€ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ β€œν•™μŠ΅β€μ΄μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

  1. ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ˜ λͺ«μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

온라인 μ „ν™˜μ„ μ•žλ‘κ³  μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ˜ λ°˜μ‘ 쀑에 κ°€μž₯ 이해할 수 μ—†λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€œλ„λŒ€μ²΄ κ·Έ λ§Žμ€ 것듀을 μ–Έμ œ μƒˆλ‘œ λ°°μ›Œμ„œ ν•˜λž€ λ§μ΄λƒβ€λΌλŠ” λ°˜μ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ œκ°€ ν•œκ΅­ κ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 이해할 수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ 뢀뢄은 COVID-19둜 인해 3μ›” 1일 κ°œν•™μ„ λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀이 λ‹Ήμ—°μ‹œ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ μ™œ 온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”κ°€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.  이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” λ‘˜μ§Έ μΉ˜κ³ λΌλ„, μ§€κΈˆ 많이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” ν”Œλž«νΌμ΄ EBSμ—μ„œ μ œκ³΅ν•™ ν•™μŠ΅ν„°μ™€ ꡬ글 클래슀룸, 그리고 Zoom인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이런 툴 듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ κ·Έ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ 맀뉴얼을 일일이 찾아보며 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이것은 슀마트폰과 κ°™μ€λ°μš”. μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ€ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ 처음 μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ 메뉴얼을 λ³΄μ‹œκ³  μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”? 일뢀 ν•„μš”ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯μ΄λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 뢀뢄이라면 그럴 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ κ·Έλƒ₯ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ user friendlyν•˜κ²Œ μ œμž‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Zoom은 둜긴 ν›„ κ·Έλƒ₯ μ‹€ν–‰μ‹œν‚¨ 후에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ꡬ글 ν΄λž˜μŠ€λ£Έμ€ ꡬ글 κ³„μ •μœΌλ‘œ λ‘œκΈ΄ν•˜μ‹œκ³  ν΄λž˜μŠ€λ£Έμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ±°λ‚˜ λͺ‡λ²ˆμ˜ μ‹œν–‰μ°©μ˜€λ₯Ό 거치면 μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜λ„ μ–΄λ €μš°μ‹œλ©΄ 슀슀둜 κ²€μƒ‰ν•˜μ…”μ„œ 유투브 λ™μ˜μƒμ„ λ³΄κ±°λ‚˜ 온라인 νŠœν† λ¦¬μ–Όμ„ μ°ΎμœΌμ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. 디지털 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” 우리 학생듀을 λ§ˆμ£Όν•˜λ €λ©΄ 이런 νˆ΄λ“€μ—λŠ” 슀슀둜 읡μŠ₯해지셔야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€κ³  해도 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이런 νˆ΄λ“€μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ‹€λ³΄λ©΄ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ˜€μž‘λ™μ„ λ§Œλ‚˜μ‹œκ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ 컴퓨터 λ‹΄λ‹Ή μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ„ 뢈러 ν•΄κ²°ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 디지털 μ‹œλŒ€μ— 디지털을 μ΄μš©ν•œ ꡐ윑 νˆ΄μ„ μ•„λŠ” 것은 λ‹Ήμ—°ν•œ 의무라고 μƒκ°λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ΅μœ‘μ²­μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹¨μœ„ ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œλŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νˆ΄μ„ 배울 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ 지원할 μ˜λ¬΄λŠ” μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ²°κ΅­ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

  1. ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€λ₯Ό 믿지 λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.

디지털 κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ μš©ν•  λ•Œ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ μ£Όμ˜ν•  점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΅œλŒ€ν•œ 둜우 ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ—μ„œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλŠ” λΆ€λΆ„κΉŒμ§€λ§Œ ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμš”. ν•˜μ΄ ν…Œν¬λ†€λ‘œμ§€μ˜ μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 갈수둝 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œ 예둜 ν•΄λ“œν°μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 쀄이 μžˆλŠ” ν—€λ“œν°μ΄ 무선보닀 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ°‘μžκΈ° λ¬΄μ„ μ˜ 전원이 κΊΌμ Έλ²„λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ 연결이 λŠμ–΄μ§€λŠ” 일이 λΉ„μΌλΉ„μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 온라인 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„œ ꡐ사듀이 λͺ¨λ‘ μœ νˆ¬λ²„κ°€ 될 ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. Zoom의 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„ ν†΅ν™”λ‚˜ μ˜μƒ λ…Ήν™”κΈ°λŠ₯만으둜 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μ˜¨λΌμΈμˆ˜μ—…μ„ 진행할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 온라인 μž‘μ—… ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ κ²€ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. λ§Œμ•½ 원격 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ ν•˜μ‹€ λŒ€ μ˜μžκ°€ ν”λ“€λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ νšŒμ „ν•˜λŠ” 의자라면, 흔듀리지 μ•Šκ³  바퀴도 μ—†λŠ” κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ˜μžλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈμ‹œλŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ μ•ˆμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ—…μ—λ§Œ 집쀑을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 학생듀은 μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ˜ ν˜„λž€ν•œ 원격 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ ˆλŒ€λ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 원격 기술이 λ”ν•΄μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œλ„ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 것을 λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 슀트레슀둜 λ‹€κ°€μ˜¬ ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ°€μ§€ ν”Œλž«νΌμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν•˜μ…¨μœΌλ©΄ κ·Έκ²ƒμ—λ§Œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, 온라인 νˆ΄λ“€μ€ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ˜ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ λ„μšΈ 뿐이지 μˆ˜μ—…μ„ κ°œμ„ μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것이 μ ˆλŒ€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ„κ΅¬λŠ” κ·Έλƒ₯ 도ꡬ일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 학생듀이 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 것도 재미있고 μœ μ΅ν•œ μˆ˜μ—… λ‚΄μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 더 λ”μš± ꡐ윑 λ‚΄μš©μ„ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±ν•΄μ„œ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜μ€€μ— 맞고 재미있게 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ˜ 역할이 λ”μš± μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

 

Coronavirus can become a topic of problem-based learning.

This morning, I found an article, β€œHow can we help one another during the Coronavirus outbreak?”. The author started with a question.

β€œIn a time of anxiety and social distancing, what can we do to look out for one another?”

This question itself can be a good starting point of problem-based learning. I am teaching Transportation Systems class where we learn how transportation influences on our daily lives with its engineering principles. For my class, I will throw the similar question.

”In a time of anxiety and social distancing, what can transportation systems do to look out for one another?” β€œHow we can improve or utilize transportation to help our community?”

Read the article

Related articles

Five way to help your community combats Coronavirus

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/18/learning/how-can-we-help-one-another-during-the-coronavirus-outbreak.html

Distance Learning Webinar

My colleague, Damiano A Mastrandrea, shared this opportunity. If you are interested in Distance Learning strategies, this will be good opportunity to learn.

Thanks, Damiano!

Hello,
If you’re interested in a Remote Learning Webinar (including targets for CTE & TechEd teachers), please visit the following links at the given time (feel free to share):

Wednesday, March 18th, 2020 @ 12:30-1:30 –
https://stream.meet.google.com/…/0573e29b-62e6-4c3a-879e-8d…

Thursday, March 19th, 2020 @ 12:30-1:30 –
https://stream.meet.google.com/…/a0d8746e-d855-4fc5-b004-29…

Topics will include:

  1. Defining Remote Learning

  2. Planning Considerations

  3. Differentiating Synchronous & Asynchronous Learning

  4. Problems, Case Examples, and Alternatives for “Hands-On” Tasks

  5. 6 Methods for Remote Learning Activities

  6. Best Practice Pro Tips & Quality Guidelines

  7. Resources

A link will be available at the end of the slide deck and recording session.

How to Access Blackboard Collaborate Ultra

Students taking EDU 3400 Transportation Systems and EDU 3410 Technology Education Foundation & Curriculum Development will need to access real-time online classes through Blackboard Collaborate Ultra. This article will explain how students access Blackboard Ultra (Collaborate Ultra).

  1. Preparations
    • Students will need to have
      1. Internet access using WiFi or mobile.
      2. Computer devices, one of followings
        1. Desktop computer
        2. Laptop (Preferred)
        3. Tablet
        4. Smart phone
    • If you plan to use desktop computer, you will need a microphone to interact with the instructor and class mates.
  2. Blackboard Ultra
    1. Login to Blackboard and find Blackboard Ultra via
    2. Click Virtual Classroom -> Select a session of the week.

4. Join the classroom by clicking Join Course Room.

join

In case, if you cannot join the classroom using your digital device, you can get into the classroom using mobile phone calling the dial number. e.g.) 571-392-7650 then enter pin number e.g.) 508 494 7062. You must check the pin number shown on your Ultra session.

How to Host Virtual Office Hours using Blackboard Ultra

Blackboard is a great LMS (Learning Management System) tool, but many people don’t know its office hour feature. Instructors can easily set repeating virtual office hours for the distance learning circumstance.

1. Find Blackboard Collaborate Ultra

    • On the left menu, Go to Tools -> Blackboard Collaborate Ultra

Ultra menu

    • Tip: To increase the student accessibility, you can create a link on the left menu.

create menu

2. Create an office hour session

  • Go to Blackboard Collaborate Ultra page via Tools -> Blackboard Collaborate Ultra menu or your custom tool menu.
  • Click Create Session button

create session

3. Type Session name as Office Hours and set hours as your actual office hours. My office hours are Thursday 1-4 pm. So I set the event from 1 to 4 pm.

hour setting

4. [Important] Scroll down on the event details screen. Find the Repeat session item and check. You will need to define the repeat details. My office hours are on every Thursday. So I select Repeat Weekly, Every Week, and T (Thursday)repeat setting

5. Click Save and see the recurring virtual sessions for your office hours.

finished