After your readings on video you should be able to answer the following questions:

• What are the 3 broadcast standards for analog color televisions?
  NTSC is an abbreviation for National Television Standards Committee, named for the group that originally developed the black & white and subsequently color television system that is used in the United States, Japan and many other countries. An NTSC picture is made up of 525 interlaced lines and is displayed at a rate of 29.97 frames per second.
  PAL is an abbreviation for Phase Alternate Line. This is the video format standard used in many European countries. A PAL picture is made up of 625 interlaced lines and is displayed at a rate of 25 frames per second.
  SECAM is an abbreviation for Sequential Color and Memory

 

• What is a frame and what is meant by the term frame rate?
  Frame rate (expressed in frames per second or FPS) is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images called frames appear on a display. The term applies equally to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems. Frame rate may also be called the frame frequency, and be expressed in hertz.
  

• What is the relationship between the frame rate and the quality of the video?
  Frame rate greatly impacts the style and viewing experience of a video. Different frame rates yield different viewing experiences, and choosing a frame rate often means choosing between things such as how realistic you want your video to look, or whether or not you plan to use techniques such as slow motion or motion blur effects.
• What is the overscan zone and what is the safe zone of a video?
  Overscan: It refers to a cropped image on your TV screen.
  Underscan: The full image.
  Safe zone: The area that virtually all televisions would show, confirming that no text would be cut off.
  
  

 

• What is the color space for video?
  The color space for video is RGB.
  Check a video explaining what is color space from the Pixar Animation Studios and Khan Academy.
  Common Video Color Spaces For the most part you only need to be concerned with one color space, and that’s the standard HDTV Rec. 709, or BT. 709.

 

• What is the ratio of viewing width to viewing height called?
  An aspect ratio specifies the ratio of width to height.

 

• What are the Types of Aspect Ratios common in Digital Video?
  Commonly used aspect ratios are:

Widescreen (16:9) It is the standard aspect ratio commonly shared by online videos, documentaries, and films. It captures a large amount of data with details.

Vertical (9:16) It is the video recorded on your phone.

Fullscreen (4:3) It is the aspect ratio that was used on television before widescreen was used. It focused on a particular element at a time.

Square (1:1) It is a perfect square ratio that is commonly used on Instagram.

Anamorphic (2.40:1) It is a wide widescreen often used in movies. It is similar to 16:9 but the top and bottom are cropped. This effect gives it a cinematic feel.

See on working with aspect ratio on Adobe Premiere.

• What are the Video Frame sizes (or resolution) for HD, FHD, QHD, 4K and 8K?
  When high-definition TVs became the norm, manufacturers developed a shorthand to explain their display resolution. The most common numbers you see are 720p, 1080p, 1140p or 4K. These shorthand numbers are sometimes used to describe computer monitors as well, even though in general a monitor is capable of a higher definition display than a TV.
  Here’s how the shorthand translates:
  HD or “HD Ready” resolution > 720p = 1280 x 720
  FHD or “Full HD” resolution > 1080p = 1920 x 1080
  QHD or Quad HD resolution > 1440p = 2560 x 1440 – it is typically seen on gaming monitors and on high-end smartphones. 1440p is four times the resolution of 720p HD or “HD ready.” To make things even more confusing, many premium smartphones feature a so-called 2960×1440 Quad HD+ resolution, which still fits into 1440p.
  4K, UHD or Ultra HD resolution > 4K or 2160p = 3840 x 2160 – it is a huge display resolution, and it is found on premium TVs and computer monitors. 2160p is called 4K because the width is close to 4000 pixels. In other words, it offers four times the pixels of 1080p FHD or “Full HD.”
  8K  > 8K or 4320p = 7680 x 4320 – it offers 16 times more pixels than the regular 1080p FHD or “Full HD” resolution. For now, you see 8K only on expensive TVs from Samsung and LG.

 

• What are the key considerations in having a good sound for your video?
  A professional microphone, don’t forget that audio is half of every video!

 

• What are the strategies for reducing video file size?
• 1. Reduce Video Length
  If you have a long video, you may want to cut it into segments to reduce loading time. Try to keep your videos as brief as possible and cut out any unnecessary parts during the editing process.
• 2. Lower Video Resolution
  The lower the resolution, the smaller your file. YouTube offers on the spot video compression, giving you the choice to adjust the resolution from the video player. Many videos on YouTube work well with a resolution of 360p, although there is support for HD.
• 3. Change the Video Codec
  There are many codecs to choose from. The most popular lossless codec is H.264, which preserves HD quality. Other common codecs are AVI, WMA, XviD, Real Audio, and Apple Video.
• 4. Lower the Audio Bitrate
  Audio tracks are appended to video files. Different codecs handle the audio compression. If high fidelity vocals, or music isn’t a priority, you can reduce the file size quite a bit by lowering the audio bitrate.
• 5. 3rd Party Video Hosting
  You can also host your videos on video sharing sites to save space on your server. Video sharing sites like YouTube and Vimeo make it easy to distribute your videos.