Prof. Barbara Smith Mishara
BMishara@citytech.cuny.edu
Office: Voorhees 413
Office hours: Tuesdays 12 - 2 pm;
after class and by appointment-
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- Daniel Wright on Building the great Pyramid
- Daniel Wright on Open Lab Assignment #1: Introduction
- shihaochen on Open Lab Assignment #1: Introduction
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Exploring the Community of Architects
Architecture doesn’t happen in school, in the design office or on the construction site. Architects interact with one another and discuss what is of interest to them. Architect members of organizations like the American Institute of Architects, Society of Registered Architects, or the National Organization of Architects meet to pursue common interests.
In this assignment explore this “outside” world inhabited by architects. Go to www.archinet.org and browse the site. Select three topics of interest to you. The topics can be in the same category such as built projects or the topics can come from three different categories.
Write an essay describing why you selected what you did and relating what you learned. Remember to begin with a topic sentence, so that a visitor to the site will understand the assignment. Approximately 400 words are required. Due by Tuesday March 10th at 6 am.
Also comment on another student’s post.
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Building The Great Pyramid _ Anna Glowacka
It’s really remarkable how in twenty years, one hundred thousand men could build such a colossal structure, have it still stand almost four thousand years later, and remain the tallest man made structure in the world. The plan for the pyramid was a secret code written in hieroglyphics which was then executed with little technology, simply with stone and lifting. With a total of 2.3 million stone blocks, each weighing 2 to 7 tons, and over 5 tons of limestone. The builders had to assemble on average more than 12 blocks a day and night! (serious overtime!) The Pyramid lays on 13 acres, which is a big enough a space to build up to 30 Empire State Buildings. Knowing that, I can picture how grand this structure is in person. Out of eighty Egyptian Pyramids the Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest.
I find that learning through videos is very helpful because it helps us to visualize the scenarios at the time. It also allows us to see certain words or actions that are vital in constructing something. Museum visits are also very informative because there is a lot of experts on the topic that can help elaborate the history that we see throughout the museum itself.
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Stonehenge
Arch 1120
Li, Shixin
Stonehenge
The video of the Stonehenge let me realize how big of the stones are. And even now, no one knows how ancient people created this huge structure. People thought the Stonehenge created by magic power because each of stone in Stonehenge is 4-70 tons. However, we still don’t know why they created such large stone structure in England.
This video help me to learn about architecture can relate with purpose, also need the power of people, also can relate with religion. When we study about architecture history, we need to think about how these structures created how people built them and used what kind of technique. Also need to think about why people want to create these structure, we need to know their purposes.
The video of Stonehenge is enjoyable, because I can see how people study about architecture history, and when they study about it, what kind of information they need. I think watching a video maybe is a better way than reading because sometimes reading is bored, and video you can look at the ancient building, not just a photo on the book. Also in the video there have people talk about their different opinions of the building, also tell us everything about the building. If this is reading, that will be long and bored. However, if it is possible, I would like to visit the museum, I think museum is a good way to study architecture because museum have the product from the ancient year, sometimes even just a model, still can tell you the scale, the purpose of the building, and how people used it.
From the production of these civilizations make me surprise because I think for studying architecture history, we just need to know when people built this building and why they built this building. But I think the most important thing that we need to know is how people built this building, what kind of technique did they use, and how this technique affect the architecture in the future time. When we study about history, maybe we just remember the time that the event happened, but when we study architecture history, we need to figure out the technique that people used in the building, and the purpose of people built this building. So this video teach me a lot about how people study about architecture history.
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Building the great Pyramid
Chimdiebube C. Ejimbe
ARCH 1121
Prof B. S. Mishara
Building the great Pyramid
Recently, I watched a BBC documentary on YouTube. It was mainly a brief insight on the construction of the great pyramid of Giza. Sources said the documentary was narrated by one of the builders by name Nacht. I found the video quite fascinating and I’ll share with you a brief summary or narration of the video. You can also find the videos on you tube by searching; “building the great pyramid”on YouTube.
The great pyramid of Giza was constructed at around 2560BCE. Before the pyramid was constructed, royal officials were dispatched across Egypt to select able young men for the construction of the great pyramid. About 5million tonnes of limestone would be needed to complete the structure, most of which would be quarried on site at Giza. Egyptologists (Egyptology specialists) believed that the pyramid was built over a 20yrs period. Since it consists of an estimate of 2.3million blocks, completing the construction in 20 yrs would involve moving an average of 12 blocks into place each hour day and night. It took about 1,500 men to quarry the stones, each man had with him a copper chisel, there was another crew whose job was to sharpen the chisels. There was another crew that provided the sharpeners with water and firewood. Another crew of transporters were responsible for moving every quarried stone from the site to the pyramid itself, each stone marked with a unique symbol to differentiate them. An average block weighing about 2.5tonnes, so they were transported using wooden sledges, it took about 16 men to transport each block with an additional 2 men whose job was to pour water on the path of the sledge for easy mobility. The quarry was about half a mile to the south of the actual Pyramid. The pyramid could only be accessed by two huge ramps, one running from the quarry to the pyramid and the other running from the pyramid to the Nile. Both ramps met at the south-west corner of the pyramid. The ramps were made of pure desert earth and compacted rubles held together by mortar. The interior of the pyramid consisted of three burial chambers, one chamber was raised about 100 feet up in the masonry, and the second was directly beneath it dug into the rock of the desert floor. By 2474BCE, the third and most important chamber was under construction and an interior gallery by which it would be reached. The top of the pyramid in progress(the mastaba) was about the size of 10 football fields joined together. At the center was the internal gallery, and a steep passage way. Inside the pyramid itself were the most important and the most skilled group, the masons. Their job was to finish the blocks that have been transported from the quarry before they were set on the pyramid’s outer wall. They made use of ”set-squares” to check and lay out the right angles and used simple plumb bulbs and a wooden A-frame to make sure the blocks are laid level.
A mystery on how the masons were able to finish at the allocated time was later solved. A gash at the south-side of the pyramid about 30 feet high which was caused by a 19th century explorer who tried to blast his way into the pyramid with dynamite. The gash revealed some of the stones beneath the outer walls. Behind the walls, the stones were jam packed, some not even the same size and where not laid or carved with precision. This might explain how the masons managed to keep up to the pace. But working on the third chamber required accuracy and caution. 9 blocks of large graphite, each weighing at about 50 tonnes were transported by river using boats from Aswan, more than 500 miles away. About 200 men were required to move just a single block up the ramps to the third burial chamber. The blocks were used for the root of the final burial chamber, the king’s. When the chamber was completed and it was time for the roof of the chamber, they encountered structural problems. The initial roof cracked as a result of forces like compression, tension and even gravity. The architect then repeated the the roofing process four times atop the first one and then a triangular wedge was added on top to redistribute the weight outwards rather than downwards. The final stages of the pyramid could not be reached by the first ramps so a spiral ramp was constructed supported on the steep sides of the pyramid and went up until the top was reached. After the cap stone was placed, the spiral ramps were stripped away and the stepped out stones were cut so that they all continued down at one perfect angle. Each block was then polished to glitter. Next to the pyramid, three smaller pyramids were also constructed for the king’s queens. Towards the east of the pyramid, a great stone way was also built stretching down to a temple at the edge of the Nile. The accuracy of the pyramid’s craftsmanship is such that the four sides of the base have an average error of only 58millimetres in length.
The video was very educational in the sense that I got a little more detail about the pyramid than I would ever have had if i were to read about it. It was very enjoyable. After this study of the great Egyptian pyramid, I would totally prefer visiting a museum or even the pyramid itself rather than reading about it off a book or through the internet. The civilization involved in the construction of the pyramid concurs with my concept of architecture. The pyramid was constructed with the sole purpose of serving as a burial chamber for the king. It pushed so many boundaries to human capabilities thus proving to us that architecture is boundless, there is no limits to what we can explore.
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Stonehendge
There are many theories regarding Stonehenge. Who created it? How was it created? And why was it created? It is very large and if baffles historians how such primitive people could’ve created something like it. There are also many theories to why it was created. Some say it was created to align with the stars and galaxy. Some say it may have been created as farming land and an area to keep their livestock. There are endless possibilities and reasons to why this structure could have been created, with little evidence pointing towards any of the reasons.
My personal theory is that it was created as a tactical defensive structure. The circular shape creates an overall 360 degree defense. There are also ditches that were dug out around it with some distance in between the structure itself and the ditches, I believe that was a tactical decision making it difficult for unwanted guests or invaders to make their way inside or near the structure. There is only one walkway going from the structure itself to the outside of the circle, which could’ve been used as the main passage for welcome guests. The stone structure itself is also in a circle formation, which I believe was also for defensive purposes, which could be used as protection in again 360 degrees.
This structure has caused much debate, and many theories to emerge. Some say they believe that even aliens may have created or assisted in its creation. It is very advanced for its time, just like the ancient pyramids in Egypt, which also some believe that aliens assisted in its creation. Stonehenge is proof of the capabilities of what men can do with determination, even with lack of technology. Unless it was with the assistance of aliens, then there is much more to discover.
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What is Architecture
Throughout the world there are many different forms of architecture. It is taught and learned differently from one corner of the world to the next. A lot of it is because of the different climates and terrains that regions have, so the architects must learn to work with the area they are given. There are many different reasons that someone would pursue architecture. Some want to be artists of the modern age using buildings as their canvas, others like the technical and scientific aspects, while others want to be philosophers and go into deep thought and solving problems that an architect is faced with.
I view architecture as the construction of problem solving. An architect is always faced with problems that require answers, which is essentially what he will be hired and paid to do. When a company requires a place to conduct themselves, they hire an architect to solve the problem and create a building for them. When someone needs an interior space that is both comfortable and appealing, they hire an architect to create what they dream. Even when a dentist’s office needs a sculpture to make his office unique compared to the others, an architect is there to solve the problem. This is one major reason I am pursuing architecture, I enjoy solving problems and being innovative. I like to think deep and imagine what others simply cannot comprehend. I also like to draw and have an eye for detail, so it all seemed to tie together and point towards architecture.
Architecture is and always will be around the world. The technology may become more sophisticated, the techniques may change, and the meaning itself may also change, but it will always exist. There will always be problems to solve, therefor architects will always be needed. I believe even the most powerful of technology cannot contribute the same as a well-trained architects brain can do.
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assignment 2 video
Veronica Avila
Ancient Egypt – National Geographic
Ancient Egypt history lives till his day and it will continue. Showing its riches, culture and tradition as well as history. History that has travel through time. Pyramids that has stories behind. Stories that will continue and be pass along. From this video we learn that their form of life was different. Their expectations and their way of living different from today. As well as how they look up to certain people. Especially the people in power, the wealthiest people. Ancient Egypt is mostly known for the pyramids. The pyramids of Giza. The three pyramids mostly made for the three kings. When the wealthy people, kings died they were raped like mummies. They also believed in after life. The pyramids are where the kings are buried along with their things. Such as their furniture and jewelry. The three pyramids didn’t take that long to be built completely. Keeping in mind that their tools were not as advanced as they are today. They didn’t have the machines and technology that is offered today in the modern day. All those hard heavy rocks, materials that they used they had to move it themselves. To move heavy things they used wood and ropes. There were many people involved. People working hard to create, make history live long. Because till this day the pyramids remain stable. As well as famously well known.
This video was enjoyable I learn the past of Egypt and how it was formed. Because when I think about Egypt I think about the three pyramids and the kings and their richest. This was an affecting way of learning things because am not just reading about it or hearing am also seeing a video am getting an image of how were things. I prefer going to museums to learn you can see things and get a better image `feeling of history. Seeing this it changes my concept of architecture of how I used to see things. I haven’t really thought about ancient architecture I was more focus on modern and what could be called future architecture. Ancient architecture looks to be more stable and live, last for a long period of time. And it has a story behind it. The materials are different. The ways that were constructed are different and its purpose. Architecture is not just the appearance, the glass the simplicity or not. It’s the meaning behind it and what it will translate to. How people will view it.
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introduction
My name is veronica Avila.
What is architecture? well architecture is a structure, a figure, a form, a shape,design of a building.When I think about architecture I think how architecture has travel through time. what I admire is that even though time passes architecture improves old techniques ancient architecture designs are still present till this day and it will continue to remain in practice as well as the new modern architecture that is evolving. There are different types and design of architecture all around the world. Each building is constructed for different purposes. As well as the material and texture has changed through time. From mod to glass, brick, wood, metal and other material. Architecture is structures such as buildings and houses. Architecture is shelter, space as well as a cover , roof for people, pets. Architecture is a technique as well as a language.
I got interested in architecture when I was in eighth grade. My cousin became an engineer in Ecuador. We used to video chat and he used to tell about his job. The people that he worked with.He should me pictures. When I saw it captured my attention I thought it was cool, interesting and different. Also when I was five I saw how people build, constructed my parents house. It was my first time seeing a structure house being created and the responsibility of the people and the dedication and the hard work that got me thinking that one day I will design my own house. I will make it how I want it to be. Use the materials I want to be. I went to high school and studied architecture and I liked it enjoyed it and I was patient I had time. But what I really liked was making models and floor plans. I want to keep on practicing architecture and learning the secrets of architecture. learning its past and imagining its future through time.
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