“Alzheimer’s” by Kelly Cherry

Alzheimer’s

By Kelly Cherry

He stands at the door, a crazy old man
Back from the hospital, his mind rattling
like the suitcase, swinging from his hand,
That contains shaving cream, a piggy bank,
A book he sometimes pretends to read,
His clothes. On the brick wall beside him
Roses and columbine slug it out for space, claw the mortar.
The sun is shining, as it does late in the afternoon
in England, after rain.
Sun hardens the house, reifies it,
Strikes the iron grillwork like a smithy
and sparks fly off, burning in the bushes–
the rosebushes–
While the white wood trim defines solidity in space.
This is his house. He remembers it as his,
Remembers the walkway he built between the front room
and the garage, the rhododendron he planted in back,
the car he used to drive. He remembers himself,
A younger man, in a tweed hat, a man who loved
Music. There is no time for that now. No time for music,
The peculiar screeching of strings, the luxurious
Fiddling with emotion.
Other things have become more urgent.
Other matters are now of greater import, have more
Consequence, must be attended to. The first
Thing he must do, now that he is home, is decide who
This woman is, this old, white-haired woman
Standing here in the doorway,
Welcoming him in.

 

Glossary

Columbine: an aquilegia with long-spurred flowers

Reify: make something abstract more concrete or real

Rhododendron: a shrub or small tree of the heath family, with large clusters of bell-shaped flowers and typically with large evergreen leaves, widely grown as an ornamental.

Tweed: a rough-surfaced woolen cloth, typically of mixed flecked colors.

 

 

Annotation

 

“Alzheimer’s” written by Kelly Cherry is a poem about an Alzheimer’s disease patient as we can know from the title. A middle school teacher, mkcapen1 wrote that the poem draws a picture of Alzheimer’s disease patient’s dynamic changes of long term memory to short term memory (mkcapen1). This poem describes the main characters’ outside and inside with simple language. A college student, Emily said that author is the speaker of the poem and the man with Alzheimer’s is her father (“emily”).

In the first line, ‘a crazy old man’ (1) is standing at the doorstep of a house. Once again, in the next line, the speaker says that crazy old man’s mind is rattling like his suitcase swinging in his hand. From the title to the second line, Cherry shows the main characters’ mind in not normal because he has something more than just ‘crazy’. Then, the speaker of the poem describes his belongings and they show awkwardness.  The mismatch of old man and piggy bank shows the oddness of the main character. Moreover, in the line 5, we can notice that he is no longer able to read a book which shows that he is losing his intellectual abilities.

After describe his appearance, the speaker gives details of the house that the old man stands at and the old man is suddenly dragged to his memories which he remembers clearly. He remembers his house as roses and columbines are on the brick walls, and sun enlightens the house.  However, there is no clue that reader can guess that appearance of the house is in present or in the past. The fragmental descriptions of the house let reader be confused what tense it is (Meyer, Wortman, Kuhl, McDonough, Repp, Francis, Drowne, and Miller) (p.130). Unlike readers and the old man’s mind, the “white wood trim defines solidity in space” (14). As the wood trim defines solidity, the shape of the house or familiarity of the house triggers his old memory. He remembers that he built and fixed the house and planted trees in back.  Memories leads other memories as well and he completely back to his past. He remembers his car that he used to drive and himself as young man who loved music.

While he strays in his memory, he noticed that something more important is happening. No time, no time for the past, he repeats (20).  However, he still cannot get lead of his memory (21, 22). Finally, he faces the “urgent” thing that he must to do for the first at the doorstep of his house which is to decide who the “white-haired woman” greeting him is (27).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sung Jin Park

Eng 2003/1248

Prof. Jody R. Rosen

Essay # 2

 

A Moment to Remember

 

“Alzheimer’s” is written by Kelly Cherry and it is about a man with Alzheimer’s disease. It is a short poem with simple language but the detailed character’s personal and emotional descriptions and the background make this poem meaningful and insightful. From the moment I saw the title “Alzheimer’s”, this poem captured my mind for long because it reminds one of my favorite movie “A moment to Remember”. The movie is about a wife with Alzheimer’s disease and her husband who takes care of her and tries to make her memory back. At the end of the movie, the husband rent a place where they met first and eventually her memory back for short.  Normally, when we think of Alzheimer, it associates with sadness and sorrow. However, I saw humors and happiness in the poem. “Alzheimer’s” has three scenes. The first scene takes place at the doorstep of a house where “crazy old man” stands and then, it moves to the man’s mind. At the end, the scene backs to the doorstep again.

From the first line to line 6, Kelly Cherry describes about a man with one sentence. “He stands at the door, a crazy old man/ back from the hospital, his mind rattling/ like suitcase, swinging from his hand, / that contains shaving cream, a piggy bank, / a book he sometimes pretends to read, / his clothes.” She breaks this sentence into six lines so that the reader can focus to the man one by one. At the beginning, the speaker of the poem see the man as a “crazy old man” then the speaker find that the old man’s mind is not stable as his suitcase is swinging from his hand.  When we imagine an old man, it is hard to draw a picture of an elder swings his suitcase back and forth. The picture I drew about the old man was very merry. Moreover, a funny and odd connection between an old man to a piggy bank makes me to sympathize with the man little more. Furthermore, when I realized that the man cannot read a book but pretend to, it gives a great sense of humor to me.

After describes the old man, the speaker gives details of the house where the man stands and his memory of his past. Between line six to twenty, the man enjoys the cozy and mellow memory in his head. We don’t know how long the man stayed in the hospital, yet it is very obvious how pleasing it is to be home again. There is brick wall with roses and columbines beside him and sun shines and enlightens the house. Sun light warms the brick wall and roses blossom under the sunshine. The glares break down to rosebushes and sparkles flow like river around the house. This snug and warm scene takes the man to his old past. “Sun hardens the house, reifies it,” shows that the man’s memory of the house becomes concrete. He recalls his memory of the walkway that he built, trees that he planted, and the car that he used to drive. Once he reminds his past, more memory surges to him. He becomes young as he remembers, with his favorite hat and music that he loved. His memory floats down on his beautiful past that he spent in the house. Between line six to twenty, the man enjoys the cozy and mellow memory in his head undisturbed.

Suddenly, something pull him back to the present. Something happened. The music he loved turns to something “peculiar” and strings are screeching. The door is opened, and he sees an old woman behind the doorstep. But he doesn’t remember her. He knows that he has no time to decide who she is.  He is confused. The line twenty one and twenty two show how he confused by the happening at the doorstep. He wants to stay in his comfortable memory but he senses there is more important thing then stays in his memory of his past. He sees a “white-haired woman” but can’t remember who she is.  However, he realize he is home now by the woman who opens the door and welcoming him. The poem ends here and the speaker doesn’t tell us what is happening after. There is a question remains: Does the old man figures out whom is she? For me, that doesn’t matter. Even though the speak stop telling the story, I can see a bright grin on the old woman’s face and his face too. He is home now.

“Alzheimer’s” is a short poem but the content is neither short nor shallow. Kelly Cherry successfully describes the man’s delicate emotional changes and leads the readers into the man’s memories. At the last sentence, the poem hits the emotional climax with happiness –at least for me- and delivers a lot of meaning to readers.  I read “Alzheimer’s” again and again, and could feel something fill me from inside. The warmth of sun, the scent of roses, the melody of a song and unchanging love of the old couple made me smile from the bottom of my heart. “Alzheimer’s” could be a sad poem to others but for me, it will be remembered as a romantic and nostalgic poem.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Citation

“Alzheimer.” emily. blogspot.com, 12 03 2008. Web. 11 May. 2012. <http://emilyg082.blogspot.com/2008/03/alzheimers-kelly-cherry.html>.

 

Meyer, M., S. Wortman, E. Kuhl, J. McDonough, J. Repp, C. Francis, K. M. Drowne, and Q. Miller.Resources for teachers: Poetry an introduction. 5th. boston & new york: Bedford St. Martin, 2007.

 

mkcapen1, . “What is the interpretation of this poem “Alzheimer’s” by Kelly Cherry?.” enote.com, 07 Dec 2009. Web. 11 May. 2012. <http://www.enotes.com/arts/q-and-a/what-interpretation-this-poem-alzheimers-by-kelly-121815>.

 

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“The World is too Much with Us” by William Wordsworth

The World is Too Much with Us

An annotation & explication on a Sonnet written by William Wordsworth

Definitions

Sordid: (Adj) Immorality, Selfishness. This touches on the Immorality or materialism and the selfishness that said materialism created.

Boon: (Noun) Something beneficial; Blessing. The industrial revolution was seen as a blessing or benefit to many, but William saw it instead as a “sordid boon”. This means while it was disguised as a blessing it is truly a detriment

Creed Outworn: (Noun) Creed is a system of religious beliefs and a “creed outworn” is a system of beliefs that is out of date.

 

 Annotations

Pagan: A person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions. The term pagan is from the Latin “paganus” as a noun, it was used to mean “country dweller” or “villager” (Wiki). Though it refers to a wide range of people, the heart of paganism is nature. They are deeply conscious of the natural world and live eco-friendly lifestyles (BBC). The most common character of Pagan worship is gods & goddesses (Patheos).  A characteristic of Pagan traditions is the belief of a living mythology, which explains the use of Proteus and Triton.

Proteus: An early sea god in Greek mythology whom Homer calls the “Old Man of the Sea” also known as the shepherd of sea flock. Some call him the god of “elusive sea change,” which suggests the constantly changing nature of the sea or the liquid quality of water in general (Wiki). He knew all things – past, present & future, but will change his shape to avoid having to (Britanicca). From Proteus comes the adjective protean, with the general meaning of “versatile”, “mutable”, “capable of assuming many forms”.

Triton: A mythological Greek god, the messenger of the big sea. He is usually represented as a merman, having the upper body of a human and the tail of a fish. Triton was known for his twisted conch shell, on which he blew like a trumpet to calm or raise the waves (Wiki).

 Explication

The poem “The World is Too Much with Us” was written in the form of a petrarchan sonnet which is divided into 2 parts. The first eight lines (octave) introduce the problem and the following 6 lines (sestet) suggest the solution. It was written as a criticism of the new world formed by the first Industrial Revolution in the early 1800’s. This was one of many sonnets against what he called the “decadent material cynicism of the time”. Wordsworth was a “Romantic” poet which meant he favored natural and emotional themes and opposed the idea of urbanization. The Industrial Revolution caused a wave of materialism which Wordsworth strongly disagreed as well as the growth of the metropolitan and felt nature should be preserved and appreciated.

 The world is too much with us; late and soon

In the beginning of line one “The world
us”, William’s words “too much” expresses an overwhelmed world. We have somehow put too much weight and stress on this world that it seems to be out of balance. The phrase “Late and soon” causes concern to me as the word late can refer to someone who is dead. Late may be a warning that the world, if continued to be lead down this path of industrialism, will be gone. “And soon” adds urgency of this issue. All in all, the opening line tells us the world is not capable continuing this way and will end. On the other hand it could show the permanence of this problem as it will not only be a problem now but in the future.

 Getting and spending; we lay waste our powers

Little that we see in Nature is ours

This line strongly touches on our materialistic ways. We have lost and wasted the powers a natural world provided. We are, in a way, spending and wasting the richness that nature provided us. The following line explains that this is not even ours to be spending or wasting. William capitalizes the N in Nature to show it is not a commodity but its own being to be respected.

 We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!

The sea that bares its bosom to the moon;

The winds that will be howling at all hours,

And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers

He believes we have “given our hearts” and given our loyalty to this selfish blessing or “sordid boon” that materialism is. On the exterior appears to be a blessing and benefit to us but in reality it is immoral, selfish and detrimental to society. Personification allows the sea to be used as a feminine creature that opens herself to the moon, upset winds that will howl at all hours along with sleeping flowers paint the picture of a helpless and vulnerable nature.

 For this, for everything, we are out of tune;

It moves us not. – Great God! I’d rather be

He is now in distress over this, explain we are out of tune or blind to the harm we are causing. We cannot see how the earth is calling for our attention and if some do, they do not care. We remain unaffected by this pain we are causing our own earth. He pleads “Great God! I’d rather be” which ends the octave or the problem and now introduces the concluding sestet or the solution.

 A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn,

So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,

Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn,

Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;

Or hear Triton blow his wreathed horn.

William’s solution to this issue is to become a Pagan, which is a nature loving, myth worshipping group of people. Though converting to Paganism is used as a solution, he insults it by calling it a “creed outworn”, in other words a religious system that is obsolete. Pagans believe in living Mythology, which is why Wordsworth included the sea gods Proteus and Triton. More so he used the all-knowing god, Proteus, who could foresee the future which also ties in with the earlier line “late and soon”. “So might I, standing on this pleasant lea/Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn” show he would be more content in believing in characters that are fictitious than see the disappointments around him in this new world.

All in all, the poem is a plea to the public to discontinue their materialistic ways and open their eyes to the beautiful world that stands before them. From the sea, winds and pleasant lea’s, he asks that we respect nature and see that it is not a given, but a privilege to be appreciated.

Works Cited

“Library.” Pagan Origins, Pagan History, Pagan Beliefs. Patheos Library. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://www.patheos.com/Library/Pagan.html>.

“Pagan Beliefs.” BBC News. BBC, 02 Oct. 2002. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/paganism/beliefs/beliefs.shtml>.

“Pagan Religion.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Aug. 2012. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_religion>.

“Proteus (Greek Mythology).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/480043/Proteus>.

“Proteus.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 July 2012. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus>.

Smith, S.E., and Bronwyn Harris. “In Greek Mythology, Who Is Proteus?” WiseGeek. Conjecture, 19 Apr. 2012. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://www.wisegeek.com/in-greek-mythology-who-is-proteus.htm>.

“Triton (Greek Mythology).” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/606023/Triton>.

“Triton (mythology).” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 05 Sept. 2012. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triton_(mythology)>.

“Triton.” Triton. Encyclopedia Mythica. Web. 09 May 2012. <http://www.pantheon.org/articles/t/triton.html>.

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“Poem’s title” by Poem’s Author

paste using Word Clipboard above (looks like a W on a clipboard)

[vocabulary]

[annotation(s)]

[explication]

[works cited]

 

 

 

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Citations

citationmachine.net

easybib.com

zotero

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“Taking Pictures” by Sam Phillips

When I thought about what song to choose for our last day of class, one in which we’re talking about the poetics of songs, I thought of “Taking Pictures” by Sam Phillips. In addition to being a recording artist, she provided most of the songs used as the score for the television show “The Gilmore Girls.” A recurring character on the show was the town troubadour, played by Grant Lee Phillips (also a musician, but no relation, as far as I know). In one particular episode, he leaves his position as the town troubadour to tour with Neil Young, and throughout the town, prospective new troubadours pop up, eager to fill the role. One of those hopefuls is none other than Sam Phillips, singing a snippet of “Taking Pictures.”

What’s the connection? I thought it was interesting to think about this connection between song and poetry, and that the troubadour was our way into the connection between poetry and song. A quick look at Wikipedia can fill you in on what a troubadour is, but essentially, he was a medieval European lyrical poet who would sing his poems publicly. Since I think so many of us will argue that songs are poetry, I wonder what we see as the difference, or why we eagerly listen to music, but only more occasionally or rarely read poetry.

In “Taking Pictures,” Phillips creates an image-laden scenario in which taking a photograph makes things disappear. There’s a speaker, and someone she’s speaking to. There’s a sense of haziness or fogginess created from her words, as things that exist dematerialize. There’s also an interesting paradox: “Nostalgia isn’t what it used to be.” Nostalgia is the longing for what once was, a grief that things are no longer the way there were. Claiming that nostalgia itself isn’t what it once was is to have nostalgia for nostalgia–only nostalgia in the past.

The use of repetition in this song is reminiscent of other poems we read this semester, only we rarely had a situation in which lines were repeated one directly after the other. It certainly plays off the ear, creating a sense of having heard the line before, perhaps creating a sense of echo or lingering.

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Neither Out Far nor In Deep (for final?)

RObert FRost’s poem titled NEither OUt FAr nor IN DEep
Wwould be great for the final. At a glance the poem seem so simple yet after really reading though the poem you get a sense of the deeper meaning that the author is trying to convey. It’s a great choice because it’S definitely relatable. (MOst of us have been to the beach or gazed out at the ocean). Frost’s takes a simple observation and raises some questions about it. I feel this poem offers many different interpretations. For example on PG 393-394, writer Peter D. Poland suggestS that the poem is about humans search far out (looking at the vast ocean) for truth, and in doing so waste their time because the truth is neither far out nor deep, but only exists right in front of them or in their world/ reality (on the land behind them). I disagree with part of this interpretation and for this reason believe that this poem would have been great for final.

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Esthete in Harlem by Langston Hughes

1 Strange,
2 That in this nigger place,
3 I should meet Life face to face
4 When for years, I had been seeking
5 Life in places gentler speaking
6 Until I came to this near street
7 And found Life—stepping on my feet!

This poem is closed form, and is made up of one stanza with an A/A/B/B/C/C rhyme scheme. This poem was written to express the beauty found in Harlem as the name of the poem explains “Esthete in Harlem”, esthete means an appreciation of beauty. The poem revolves around Hughes searching for life in gentle places and out of all places finding it surprisingly in Harlem or as he describes it a “nigger” place. This poem is about the idea that Hughes searching for beauty has found it in the most unlikely place

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Dance of Death by Iron Maiden

            I chose Dance of Death because it is one of my favorite songs. The lyrics without the music behind it can easily stand alone as a really interesting story poem, to me it seems more like a poem being read out loud and enhanced by music behind it.

            The song has 12 unique stanzas that form a beginning, middle and end including all the elements necessary in a good story. The plot starts with our speaker, the singer, having a drink by a fire. He then somehow falls prey to spirits that force him to do the dance of death. He reluctantly submitted to their actions and waited for his chance to escape. Somehow a skirmish broke out between the spirits and he quickly took that chance to escape. And the story ends with:

 

“To this day I guess I’ll never know

  Just why they let me go

 But I’ll never go dancing no more

 ‘Til I dance with the dead”

 

            So we have a plot including the exposition being him enjoying his evening, the rising action involving his abduction by the undead, the climax involving his escape, falling action of him actually escaping and a denouncement which I included below. The setting is on a late moonlit evening by a fire. The characters include our protagonist being the speaker and the antagonist being the undead spirits that capture him and force him to do the dance of death.

            All the while there is a specific rhyme scheme and structured format all devices unique to a poem.

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Umbrella by Jay Z and Rihanna

The song I chose is UMBRELLA by Rihanna and Jay Z. The song started off with Jay Z talking about his problems. He uses a paradox to relate that his storms -problems -have no clouds. He “fly higher that the weather” hence he really don’t have a problem, or that he can take care of any problem he has because he anticipated and prepared by stacking his chips. Chips are things in casino that you cash in at the end as a reward or if you need more money to continue playing. To Jay Z his chip is Rihanna who will continue shine and to provided him with wealth when the clouds come.

She honors him with her loyalty when she says “you have my heart” to have some ones heart is to have them even if they are physically far apart. They will always be connected through time and space because of the oath she took. This oath is her contract with Jay Z. She goes on to explain that  in the dark JayZ “can’t see his shiny cars
” meaning that she understand that he must be able to be focused and in the light. He does not belong in the dark and that’s when he needs her most. She pleadges that in his time of darkness she “will be there to always shear” and shine together.

The song is much like poetry in some aspect like the rhyming of words and the poetic devices like paradox and metaphors to represent images and to reinforce and create allusions of the music industries culture and it tells a story which would be interpreted in a superficial way or in a deep way.

 

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Harlem (Dream Deferred) by Langston Hughes Explication and Annotations

Huseyin Akis

 

Jody R. Rosen

 

ENG 2003 – 1248

 

5/1/12

 

Langston Hughes Harlem (Dream Deferred)

 

 

What happens to a dream deferred? 1

 

Does it dry up                        2

like a raisin in the sun?

Or fester like a sore

And then run?                   3

Does it stink like rotten meat?

Or crust and sugar over           4

like a syrupy sweet?   

 

Maybe it just sags                5

like a heavy load

Or does it explode?  6

 

 

The poem Harlem (Dream Deferred) by Langston Hughes itself speaks to African-Americans telling them to never let up on their dreams. The speaker of the poem believes that dreams can be postponed. The “dream” is not only experienced while sleeping but, is also a goal in life you wish to accomplish. But, what exactly is being dreamed is up to the reader to figure it out. Langston Hughes clearly wants his readers to understand the first stanza asks a rhetorical question “What happens to a dream deferred”? 1 What is a dream deferred it is a dream that cannot be fulfilled yet until society changes it and is also a dream that is postponed and put off.

   1st Annotation:

1: “What happens to a dream deferred?”

The speaker asks the reader what happened dreams deferred where do they

go? Where do dreams postponed go? Deferred means postponed; to be put off

It is a dream more of a life goal of a human being is what makes the individual

a valuable member of a society. It’s a life goal that is has not been

accomplished yet.

2 nd Annotation:

1: “What happens to a dream deferred”?

The word “dream” refers to goals in the following poem but, refers to dreams

that were broken, shattered and unaccomplished.  The dream “deferred”

relates to (the abolition of slavery during the Civil War and the early Civil

Rights legislation) that decided by court and by state laws to deny blacks their

rights, especially in the South. As well there was limited job opportunities or no

job opportunities for African Americans. Many African Americans hopes were

crushed, shattered, soon would led to a deeper reservoir of frustration and

anger.

 

Langston Hughes poem continues to develop his rhetorical questions to more further questioning telling us what are the significance of these questions? When we look at each stanza we see a series of smiles as he explores dreams put on hold. Hughes uses a series of similes and figurative language through lines 2 – 10 to compare a dream deferred to grapes turning into raisins in the sun, the sugar of syrup crusting over, and heavy loads sagging. He compares a dream deferred to food things that are either being dried out, crusting by the tip of a bottle, and also compares the weight of things heavy enough to just sag.

 

We also see images stand out as he states “Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun” 2.  We see several events taking place slaves working on the plantations in the south where the hot sun is baking them. The images also make us think of is a hot desert like place where the grape is out in the sun slowly losing it nutrition and drying up into a brown color. When a grape turns into a raisin it loses its succulent taste and juice that is what literally happens to a dream deferred.  When this happens much of freshness of a dream is long gone, all dried up and unhealthy without nutrition.

1st Annotation :

 

2: “Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?”

A raisin is a dried up grape that has lost its juice under a hot sun.

The Raisin is a dried up sweet grape that has been dried under a sun. Hughes

tries to compare a dream to a grape, starting out succulent and dries as the

sun comes along. As it shows that its lost its looks but still nourishes some

kind of taste.

2nd Annotation :

2: “Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?”

A raisin so long sitting is becoming unfulfilled, it loses its “juice” over time and literally shrinks down to nothing to nothing worth of dreaming anymore.

 

Imagine you are told that your goal cannot be fulfilled; until society decides to change that but you must wait until that happens. You are not even allowed to look for the job you can do or even have an interest in. You now don’t know how long it will take until you have been granted the right to do so. Now, you feel like in this lifetime will my dream will never come true that everyone will be equal. Most likely your talent, passion, dreams and hope is going to dry up.

As Hughes stated in the poem “Or fester like a sore —/ And then run” 3. Nasty as it sounds you might imagine an open wound filled with pus and blood being lanced. But, here the speaker refers what happens to a dream deferred that is exactly what happens. In literal terms when you want a dream to heal, it doesn’t always do so. Instead it just gets worse, infected, painful and longer to heal. If the dream festers it becomes infected in dissatisfaction and painful to stand. Which can cause future problems of crime and harm others that caused a delay in their dreams.

 

1st Annotation:

 

3: “Or fester like a sore and then run”

Sore is a great mental pain, distress, or sorrow. Fester refers to the

development of a pus; underneath a closed surface infested with

bacteria. Refers to if a dream does not dry up it will fester like a sore (boil)

meaning if you have a boil you have to treat before it worsens and gets

severely infected. If gets infected then it will fester and run it take longer for it to heal

 2nd Annotation:

 

3: “Or fester like a sore and then run”

Suggests that an incomplete dream can become excruciating painful over

time to the dreamer referring to a festering sore that goes untreated. Or was

The word “run” & implies to the incomplete dream that might “run away”?

 

It’s ironic when he uses words like raisin, sore, rotten meat, syrupy sweet, to compare to a dream put on hold. He states in a dream deferred “Or crust and sugar over like a syrupy sweet” 4. This line refers to dreams that have been left out like pancake syrup or honey unused for a couple of months. Hughes reminds of us of pancakes when he uses word choices like syrupy. By word choices like that make us think things have become slowed down in the poem. It’s like dreams are being stuck on the bottom of the syrup bottle.

1st Annotation:

 

4:  “Or crust and sugar over syrupy sweet”

It suggests to when dreams are forced to be idle that are harden to be

unusable. Dreams that are have been separated from goals and only formed

destruction. A dream deferred can be covered up by society. Being covered

up rather than being exposed.

 

2nd Annotation:

4: “Or crust and sugar over syrupy sweet”

The phrase in the poem is used as a metaphor for an insecure surface, and to

show something bad that is bubbling.

In the second stanza Langston Hughes gives a suggestion as he states “Maybe it just sags like a heavy load” 5. In this suggestion he uses words like “maybe” stating maybe that the dream goal just sags like bearing a heavy load on your mind. Things that sag are usually old and relating to weight. This where a dream is a burden meaning the dreamer has lost all energy in his goals.

1st Annotation:

 

5: “Maybe it just sags like a heavy load”

Not, a question but a suggestion that some dreams deferred will sag like its

heavy to bear as it weighs on your mind. Sagging things are usually old.

Things that are heavy make things sag relating to weight of something. A

load refers to when we have lots of things on our minds.

Where the dream is a burden and it does not give off energy anymore

burden to dreamers.

2nd Annotation:

 

5: “Maybe it just sags like a heavy load”

Burden: Duty, Responsibility

Something that is carried; worrisome.

 

The last stanza has returned back to the one line rhetorical question “Or does it explode”? 6. This time we see a metaphor instead of a simile; the speaker uses an explosion as a metaphor. What kind of things can cause explosions? Well simply bombs explode and cause massive or small destructions when dreams are deferred the dreamer will lose hope, and may explode with anger, despair, and cause destruction to humanity or oppose a threat to self and others. This word of explosion in this stanza refers mostly to when African – American citizens had no equality and slowly it erupted into the Civil Rights Movement for all African-American citizens.


1st Annotation:

 

6: “Or does it explode?”

When times in America were hard for Black citizens. A time no Black citizen

had proper equality and America scattered their dreams of equality in half.

Something insane was mostly likely to happen and it did called the Civil

Rights Movement. Bombs explode and cause massive or small destructions when dream

is deferred it will lose hope, someone may explode into rage with despair,

anger, cause destruction to humanity or oppose harm to self and humanity.

 

2nd Annotation:

6: “Or does it explode”

Shows images conjured by the word “explode” that foreshadow

chaos that is slowing rising within the African-American people.

Citations: 

Meyer, Michael. Poetry : an introduction 6th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s,2010. Print.

 

Poetry @ Suite 101. Linda Sue Grimes. Feb 1, 2007

 

http://lindasuegrimes.suite101.com/hughes—harlem–a-dream-deferred–a11137

 

Squidoo. 2012.

 

http://www.squidoo.com/dream-deferred

 

Helium. Dolores Moore. Oct 25, 2009

 

http://www.helium.com/items/1628305-harlem-by-langston-hughes—a-threat-of-things-to-come

 

Cummings Study Guides. Michael J. Cummings. 2007

 

http://www.cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides4/harlem.html

 

Dictionary. 2012

 

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/burden?s=t

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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