Lab 4
Introduction:
bit calculator similar to the one created in Lab 1, 2 and 3. The calculator will display a menu asking the user what operation to perform. The operations supported are Addition, Multiplication and Exponent. Once the user selects an operation, the program will ask the user for the values and perform the operation. For this lab were told to use C or C++ to write the code and then later it to assembly, in order to do that we had use the following commandS programName.c. We cloud use any functions to perform the all the operations. we can use if, while, for, or related commands. Once the program computers the value and displays the result, it should return to the original menu until the user chooses to exit. We had to use “g++ lab42.cpp -o lab 42” command to convert from C++ to HLA.
Some of the observations that I have notice were that in Assembly that to establish a source and destination , HLA the command is written as mov(source, dest). HLA and C++ resembled the most compared to each other as the most of the code in HLA is compatible ,in HLA but the code just has to be tweaked a little bit then C++. I noticed that all the codes had different headings before each code was started. In HLA, all the variables used had declared as a static variable. In C++ you have the ability to declare a static variable but it is not necessary to do to have the variables to be in your code. With HLA . Data is always being moved in and out of registers. In C, you do not deal with moving data but put more concentration on displaying output or creating a solution to a problem in a particular way.
We did had little problem with converting from C++ to HLA becasue we were using a wrong command. we were using gcc where we should be using g++ for the converting part.
My partner is Fredrick Jah
C++ code
#include//standard header
#include //header for exit command
using namespace std;
int options();//declaring loop
int power(int a1, int b1)//power command
{
int c1 = 1;
while(b1--)
c1 *= a1;
return c1;
}
int main()//execute loop
{
options();//loop
}
int options()//loop to run options 1 to 4 continously
{
int num=1;//declaring number
int factorial=1;//declaring factorial
int add1 = 0;//declaring add1
int add2 = 0;//declaring add2
int choice;//declaring choice
cout<<"Enter 1 for sum of a number"<<endl;//display option1
cout<<"Enter 2 for factorial of a number"<<endl;//display option 2
cout<<"Enter 3 for 2**n"<<endl;//display option 3
cout<<"Enter 4 to exit"<<endl;//display option 4 cin>>choice;//get choice
if(choice==1)
{
cout<<"Enter Number To Find Its Sum: ";//display sum cin>>add1;
for(int b=0;b<=add1;b++)//standard loop
{
add2=add2+b;//add factorial
}
cout<<"The Sum of the number is = "<<add2<<endl;
}
if (choice==2)
{
cout<<"Enter Number To Find its Factorial: "; cin>>num;
for(int a=1;a<=num;a++)//standard loop
{
factorial=factorial*a;//multiply factorial
}
cout<<"Factorial of Given Number is = "<<factorial<<endl;
}
if (choice==3)
{
int n=0;
cout<< "Enter value for n"<< endl; cin>>n;
cout << power(2, n) << endl;//2^n
}
if(choice==4)
{
exit(1);//exit program
cout<<"End of program"<<endl;
}
while(choice!=4)//goes back to menu after choices 1-3
{
options();
}
}
HLA code:
.file "lab42.cpp" .local _ZStL8__ioinit .comm _ZStL8__ioinit,1,1 .text .globl _Z5powerii .type _Z5powerii, @function _Z5powerii: .LFB970: .cfi_startproc pushl %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_offset 8 .cfi_offset 5, -8 movl %esp, %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_register 5 subl $16, %esp movl $1, -4(%ebp) jmp .L2 .L3: movl -4(%ebp), %eax imull 8(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, -4(%ebp) .L2: cmpl $0, 12(%ebp) setne %al subl $1, 12(%ebp) testb %al, %al jne .L3 movl -4(%ebp), %eax leave .cfi_restore 5 .cfi_def_cfa 4, 4 ret .cfi_endproc .LFE970: .size _Z5powerii, .-_Z5powerii .globl main .type main, @function main: .LFB971: .cfi_startproc pushl %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_offset 8 .cfi_offset 5, -8 movl %esp, %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_register 5 andl $-16, %esp call _Z7optionsv movl $0, %eax leave .cfi_restore 5 .cfi_def_cfa 4, 4 ret .cfi_endproc .LFE971: .size main, .-main .section .rodata .LC0: .string "Enter 1 for sum of a number" .align 4 .LC1: .string "Enter 2 for factorial of a number" .LC2: .string "Enter 3 for 2**n" .LC3: .string "Enter 4 to exit" .align 4 .LC4: .string "Enter Number To Find Its Sum: " .LC5: .string "The Sum of the number is = " .align 4 .LC6: .string "Enter Number To Find its Factorial: " .align 4 .LC7: .string "Factorial of Given Number is = " .LC8: .string "Enter value for n" .text .globl _Z7optionsv .type _Z7optionsv, @function _Z7optionsv: .LFB972: .cfi_startproc pushl %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_offset 8 .cfi_offset 5, -8 movl %esp, %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_register 5 subl $56, %esp movl $1, -40(%ebp) movl $1, -24(%ebp) movl $0, -36(%ebp) movl $0, -20(%ebp) movl $.LC0, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E movl $.LC1, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E movl $.LC2, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E movl $.LC3, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E leal -32(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt3cin, (%esp) call _ZNSirsERi movl -32(%ebp), %eax cmpl $1, %eax jne .L6 movl $.LC4, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc leal -36(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt3cin, (%esp) call _ZNSirsERi movl $0, -16(%ebp) jmp .L7 .L8: movl -16(%ebp), %eax addl %eax, -20(%ebp) addl $1, -16(%ebp) .L7: movl -36(%ebp), %eax cmpl %eax, -16(%ebp) setle %al testb %al, %al jne .L8 movl $.LC5, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl -20(%ebp), %edx movl %edx, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEi movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E .L6: movl -32(%ebp), %eax cmpl $2, %eax jne .L9 movl $.LC6, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc leal -40(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt3cin, (%esp) call _ZNSirsERi movl $1, -12(%ebp) jmp .L10 .L11: movl -24(%ebp), %eax imull -12(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, -24(%ebp) addl $1, -12(%ebp) .L10: movl -40(%ebp), %eax cmpl %eax, -12(%ebp) setle %al testb %al, %al jne .L11 movl $.LC7, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl -24(%ebp), %edx movl %edx, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEi movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E .L9: movl -32(%ebp), %eax cmpl $3, %eax jne .L12 movl $0, -28(%ebp) movl $.LC8, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZStlsISt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIcT_ES5_PKc movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E leal -28(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt3cin, (%esp) call _ZNSirsERi movl -28(%ebp), %eax movl %eax, 4(%esp) movl $2, (%esp) call _Z5powerii movl %eax, 4(%esp) movl $_ZSt4cout, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEi movl $_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call _ZNSolsEPFRSoS_E .L12: movl -32(%ebp), %eax cmpl $4, %eax jne .L14 movl $1, (%esp) call exit .L15: call _Z7optionsv .L14: movl -32(%ebp), %eax cmpl $4, %eax setne %al testb %al, %al jne .L15 leave .cfi_restore 5 .cfi_def_cfa 4, 4 ret .cfi_endproc .LFE972: .size _Z7optionsv, .-_Z7optionsv .type _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii, @function _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii: .LFB981: .cfi_startproc pushl %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_offset 8 .cfi_offset 5, -8 movl %esp, %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_register 5 subl $24, %esp cmpl $1, 8(%ebp) jne .L16 cmpl $65535, 12(%ebp) jne .L16 movl $_ZStL8__ioinit, (%esp) call _ZNSt8ios_base4InitC1Ev movl $_ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev, %eax movl $__dso_handle, 8(%esp) movl $_ZStL8__ioinit, 4(%esp) movl %eax, (%esp) call __cxa_atexit .L16: leave .cfi_restore 5 .cfi_def_cfa 4, 4 ret .cfi_endproc .LFE981: .size _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii, .-_Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii .type _GLOBAL__sub_I__Z5powerii, @function _GLOBAL__sub_I__Z5powerii: .LFB982: .cfi_startproc pushl %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_offset 8 .cfi_offset 5, -8 movl %esp, %ebp .cfi_def_cfa_register 5 subl $24, %esp movl $65535, 4(%esp) movl $1, (%esp) call _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii leave .cfi_restore 5 .cfi_def_cfa 4, 4 ret .cfi_endproc .LFE982: .size _GLOBAL__sub_I__Z5powerii, .-_GLOBAL__sub_I__Z5powerii .section .ctors,"aw",@progbits .align 4 .long _GLOBAL__sub_I__Z5powerii .weakref _ZL20__gthrw_pthread_oncePiPFvvE,pthread_once .weakref _ZL27__gthrw_pthread_getspecificj,pthread_getspecific .weakref _ZL27__gthrw_pthread_setspecificjPKv,pthread_setspecific .weakref _ZL22__gthrw_pthread_createPmPK14pthread_attr_tPFPvS3_ES3_,pthread_create .weakref _ZL20__gthrw_pthread_joinmPPv,pthread_join .weakref _ZL21__gthrw_pthread_equalmm,pthread_equal .weakref _ZL20__gthrw_pthread_selfv,pthread_self .weakref _ZL22__gthrw_pthread_detachm,pthread_detach .weakref _ZL22__gthrw_pthread_cancelm,pthread_cancel .weakref _ZL19__gthrw_sched_yieldv,sched_yield .weakref _ZL26__gthrw_pthread_mutex_lockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_lock .weakref _ZL29__gthrw_pthread_mutex_trylockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_trylock .weakref _ZL31__gthrw_pthread_mutex_timedlockP15pthread_mutex_tPK8timespec,pthread_mutex_timedlock .weakref _ZL28__gthrw_pthread_mutex_unlockP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_unlock .weakref _ZL26__gthrw_pthread_mutex_initP15pthread_mutex_tPK19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutex_init .weakref _ZL29__gthrw_pthread_mutex_destroyP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_mutex_destroy .weakref _ZL30__gthrw_pthread_cond_broadcastP14pthread_cond_t,pthread_cond_broadcast .weakref _ZL27__gthrw_pthread_cond_signalP14pthread_cond_t,pthread_cond_signal .weakref _ZL25__gthrw_pthread_cond_waitP14pthread_cond_tP15pthread_mutex_t,pthread_cond_wait .weakref _ZL30__gthrw_pthread_cond_timedwaitP14pthread_cond_tP15pthread_mutex_tPK8timespec,pthread_cond_timedwait .weakref _ZL28__gthrw_pthread_cond_destroyP14pthread_cond_t,pthread_cond_destroy .weakref _ZL26__gthrw_pthread_key_createPjPFvPvE,pthread_key_create .weakref _ZL26__gthrw_pthread_key_deletej,pthread_key_delete .weakref _ZL30__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_initP19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutexattr_init .weakref _ZL33__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_settypeP19pthread_mutexattr_ti,pthread_mutexattr_settype .weakref _ZL33__gthrw_pthread_mutexattr_destroyP19pthread_mutexattr_t,pthread_mutexattr_destroy .ident "GCC: (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3" .section .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
