Christiana Awode
Prof. Stone
ENG 1101
October 27, 22
Bibliography
Research Question: What is structural racism? What effect do structural inequality and structural racism have on the development of people of color in the United States?
Source Entry 1
Braveman, A Paula, “Systemic and Structural Racism: Definitions, Examples, Health Damages, And Approaches to Dismantling”. Health Affairs, 2022.
“Systemic and Structural Racism: Health Damages, And Approaches to Dismantling” by Paula. A Braveman was published in February 2022. Braveman is a Family and Community Medicine and Founding Director Professor of the Center of Health Equity at the University of California. Braveman has studied social determinants of health, and health equity, and her research point to understanding racial and ethnic disparities for more than 25 years.
Braveman begins by explaining how structural racism relates to the social and political within society, mainly people of color. This type of racism can affect and shape someone’s life for example black people, but this helps and gives white people an advantage. This exists because of white supremacy, white people placing themselves on the top and putting black and other minorities at the bottom. Structural racism plays educational, political, social, and historical roles in all worlds. Braveman states “Structural racism stealthily replicates the racial hierarchy established more than 400 years ago through slavery and colonialism, placing white people at the top and Black people at the bottom” (Braveman 15). So many people of color lives are at risk because of structural racism, whether it’s from being mistreated at school, or not getting a job because you’re black. This affects you by not being able to provide for yourself or your family.
Braveman says “Systemic racism is so embedded in systems that it often is assumed to reflect the natural, inevitable order of things” (Braveman12). Racism is invisible people are used to discriminating against others and messing up someone’s mental health. There are multiple authors in this article Elaine Arki, Tina Kudah, and Nicole Hulm the main author is Paula A. Braveman. Braveman is a researcher; I can tell she is curious and wants better for the world. She wants everyone to know and be aware, in the article she gives many examples and quotes on what structural racism is and what people think it is and who the cause is.
Her attitude is very straightforward about the subject and wants change, she gives topics that relate to racism, definitions, and even other opinions on different authors. The audience is the world, every race with or without color. Paula published this article in February 2022, created this article to point out the wrong in the world. February is black history month. I guess she dedicated this article to that month. Paula is somehow trying to give a voice to people of color, to show how white supremacy affects and kills people of color. Based on this information this article is a current article/ newsletter, it’s happening today in real life and throughout history, it provides. The author seems calm, doesn’t seem mad or upset about the topic, and seems concerned and tired of this racism. The author gave lots of quotes and definitions, so I know she wants whoever is reading this article to understand what she is writing.
