| Addition | also, again, as well as, besides, coupled with, following this, further, furthermore, in addition, in the same way, additionally, likewise, moreover, similarly |
| Consequence | also, again, as well as, besides, coupled with, following this, further, furthermore, in addition, in the same way, additionally, likewise, moreover, similarly |
| Generalizing | as a rule, as usual, for the most part, generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually |
| Exemplifying | chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, markedly, namely, particularly, including, specifically, such as |
| Illustration | for example, for instance, for one thing, as an illustration, illustrated with, as an example, in this case |
| Emphasis | above all, chiefly, with attention to, especially, particularly, singularly |
| Similarity | comparatively, coupled with, correspondingly, identically, likewise, similar, moreover, together with |
| Exception | aside from, barring, besides, except, excepting, excluding, exclusive of, other than, outside of, save |
| Restatement | in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say, in short, in brief, to put it differently |
| Contrast and Comparison | by the same token, conversely, instead, likewise, on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, rather, similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast |
| Sequence | at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time, for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on, meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier, simultaneously, afterward, in |
| Summarizing | after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally |
| Diversion | by the way, incidentally |
| Direction | here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, under, above, to the left, to the right, in the distance |
| Location | above, behind, by, near, throughout, across, below, down, off, to the right, against, beneath, in back of, onto, under, along, beside, in front of, on top of, among, between, inside, outside, around, beyond, into, over |
| Common Sequence Patterns | first, second, third… |
| generally, furthermore, finally | |
| in the first place, also, lastly | |
| in the first place, pursuing this further, finally | |
| to be sure, additionally, lastly | |
| basically, similarly, as well |
Attribution: This page is adapted from “Keeping Your Speech Moving” in Public Speaking: Practice and Ethics, by Jason S. Wrench, Anne Goding, Danette Ifert Johnson, and Bernardo A. Attias. License: CC BY-NC-SA.
