Jan Tschichold’s book The New Typography teaches how typography should be about clarity and not beauty. Type should be about clearly deliverying a message. Ornaments, decorative elements are unneccessary because they dristract from the message. Text should not be centered because it doen’t make sense and it is hard to read for cultures who read from left to right. Centered text also creates uneven white space from line to line. Since text should not be centered, text appears asymmetric. Asymmetry is logical and functional because is natural order. Asymmetry gives unlimited variation and flexibility, which allows for a clear delivery of the message of the design. 

Karl Gerstner approach to design is to have a system when laying out design elements. Design elements need to be picked out for their purpose and not for the feeling the designer has towards them. Gerstner takes Fritz Zwicky’ scientific system and applies it to design. Elements are grouped in parameters and relative components. He considers a grid a system that can be used to proportionally laying out design components. He also talks about programmes, which I didn’t really understand from the paper. 

 Josef Müller-Brockmann popularized the use of a grid system as a design structure. A grid creates order when there would otherwise be chaos. A grid should be used to layout the elements of the design to deliver an orderly, functional, aesthetic, understandable work. Creative work is not just for delivering a message, but it also represents the designer’s creativity, knowledge, and ability.