All three of these authors, living around the early 1900’s found new technologies that gave them assumptions about the future of design. At the time, things like automobiles were just invented, which completely shock the world as up until that point, they were getting around with horses and carriages. Inventions like this and the radio gave these author’s an idea that the future will be even more awe inducing with the invention of futuristic technology overtime.
El Lissitzky thought that after many years, books will be made out of plastic and can be molded to look as any shape. This potentially would have given him a new way to express his art as he could mold the book his art is within without destroying the structure of the book. Marinetti found museums to be like prisons and offensive to the average artist as the art lays in competition for each other for views. Rodchenko saw the future behind using a line point grid in design, but later saw Communism as a potential threat the future of artistic expression. While all of these artists have different views of the future about different topics, they all seemed to think the future was not going to be very successful for modern art. As books were not moldable which prevented new forms of art, museums would potentially continue to constrain artists and felt communism would not allow the fullest expression of art.