Emaciated (adjective): bony, thin.                                                                                                           Someone who is dangerously skinny and skeletal-looking can be described as emaciated. It’s probably how you’d start to look after a few weeks in the wilderness with only berries and bugs for dinner.

https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/emaciated

From: A Hunger Artist by Franz Kafka

” While for grown-ups the hunger artist was often merely a joke, something they participated in because it was fashionable, the children looked on amazed, their mouths open, holding each other’s hands for safety, as he sat there on scattered straw—spurning a chair—in black tights, looking pale, with his ribs sticking out prominently, sometimes nodding politely, answering questions with a forced smile, even sticking his arm out through the bars to let people feel how emaciated he was…”                                                                                                                                      Ths statement means that everyone was so amazed by seeing him how skinny he was because he did not eat any bite food or sip of drink for a long time period.  And for children, he was a monster looking person in the cage.

Excruciate (adjective):                                                                                                                                      Causing great pain or anguish : agonizing.                                                                                                  Very intense : extreme

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/excruciating

From: A Hunger Artist                                                                                                       “Sometimes there were nightly groups of watchers who carried out their vigil very laxly, deliberately sitting together in the distant corner and putting all their attention into playing card there, clearly intending to allow the hunger artist a small refreshment, which according to their way of thinking, he could get from some secret supplies. Nothing more excruciating to hunger artist than such watchers”                                                                                                                               This sentence means that people still thought that hunger artist has some secret ways of having some snakes because people believed no one could bear the hunger for a long time of period. Yet, hunger artist was a true artist who can never break his honesty although people force him to eat during his hunger game. And he was very upset with people who thought he was having secret ways of getting food, which he never did and never will.

Cease (verb) : to come to an end, to bring an activity or action to an end : discontinue                   a) the fighting gradually ceased                                                                                                                     b) they have been ordered to ceaseand desist

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cease

This word is from “A Rose for Emily” by Willian Faulkner, “When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning”

When Emily was young, beautiful, and kind, all the town guys had a crush on her, yet, years after everyone was curious about what has happened to Emily, what was her end like. Everyone was curious, mostly woman were curious about seeing Emily’s old version like, old woman with gray hair, fat face etc.

Triumph(noun): 1. the act, fact, or condition of being victorious or triumphant; victory; conquest. 2. a significant success or noteworthy achievement; an instance or occasion of victory.

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/triumph

The Story of An Hour by Kate Chopin, “There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory.”  In this statement, Mrs. Mallard was happy that finally, something good will come to her yet she was not unaware of what would come next, she was unaware of that she was going to die.

Buoy: (noun):  float 2; especially, nautical: a floating object moored to the bottom to mark a channel or something (such as a shoal) lying under the water.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/buoy

The word is from, Bio Lowe: I Always Write About My Mother When I Start To Write.

“I wanted to lay them, breathtaking, at her feet, and by doing to bind her heart to mine, ever after to be buoyed up like a raft on a calmed ocean.”

In this sentence the author is trying to expalin how he/she wanted to feel their mother close to her/his heart by thinking of the love towards the mother in the calm ocean.