In this reading Ching talks about the rules of thumb for masonry arches and lintels; wood beams, joists, decking and planks; steel beams; metal decking; and reinforced concrete beams. Masonry arches and lintels nees to be in a certain shape, curve, and structure to be able to withold the load of the roof or the floor above. Wooden joists need to be at certain span depending on the magnitude of applies loads, its size and spacing, species and grade, and deflection allowed for intended use. Wooden beams need to be carefully examined for the use and there are different types for different uses. Wooden subfloorings are used as a working platform in construction and as a base for the finished flooring. Depending on how it is laid, the outcome will be different. For example, if placed correctly it will lessen floor squeaking and creeping. Wooden decking comes in different styles of connections and span ranges. Wood plank and beams are used as a skeleton frame structure and depending on how it is built it can affect the whole structure. Next are steel beams. Steel beams come in a variety of shapes for a different use. When using steel it is best to use the lighest section that will resist bending.  Also there are different ways to connect steel beams such as welding and bolting. Open web steel joists are steel trusses. There are different series that depend on the load and span. Where the open web joist framing is supported also has rules so the stresses are in equilibrium. Metal deckings are corrugated to increase stiffness and spanning and there are three types: form decking, composite decking, and cellular decking. Lastly, reinforced concrete beams need to have good steel reinforcement to support and hold the concrete in place.