Walter Gropius, Herbert Bayer and László Moholy-Nagy all believed that the education of designers were mostly influenced by economic and social standards of the nation they resided in. In the institutions, many of them believed that the education they received were merely one-track mindsets that only taught traditional design standards to be used for propaganda or economic purposes. The Bauhaus was created to combat that and promoted various design styles and ideologies from various parts of the world, collecting information and creating new concepts. First Director, Walter Gropius explains that “With the rise of academies, genuine folk art died away. What remained was a drawing-room art detached from life”. This was one of the major problems of the education of art prior, as many of the individual pieces of art were cast off and with the rise of industrialism. As Gropius states “Schooling alone can never produce art!” and for good reason. Gropius states that “Quality cannot be taught or learned but the foundation of creation can be…”, once again informing people of another issue with art in several institutions. Fortunately, when artists began attending the Bauhaus, it became a creative laboratory for many intellectual minds, analysing past examples, improving their work and even making breakthroughs of new original concepts either disregarding the traditions of previous design or referencing past art styles with a sleek modern feel that appeased many.
To some designers, Photography and Typography were both types of art that are necessary to be used in the art world. Bayer claims that “Typography is a service art, not a fine art”, going on to emphasize the importance of lettering and how typography is the key aspect in providing language to be seen for the masses. Bayer begins to describe why many forms of Font-styles are derived from the basic alphabet of languages and how each person sees letters differently and in order to make effective designs, typographers must consider ways to “improve” the alphabet while making it legible. László, on the other hand, discusses how printing became the foundation of the new world. He exclaims that printers are often overlooked for their achievements, but left a heavy impact on the world through their countless efforts and innovations. László informs readers that typography bridges the gap of comprehension between communication and the people. Throughout his lifetime, László began to realizeEvery period has its own optical focus.”, referencing electrical signs and film being a media source that brims with potential for designers to formulate new methods of typography. Photography is the same way, capturing moments of everyday life with the photographer’s job to give it life and meaning in those frames. Film in itself, began to pave the way for silent movies and in doing so, allowed photographers to experiment with the focus of nature, society and man in several shots or rolls of film.
While the Bauhaus became a monument for graphic designers for experimentation and creativity, ideas such as futurism, constructivism and minimalism began seeping through the roots of the institution. Many either opposed or approved of such ideas but it resulted in conflict between the instructors and the students and often, there would be a power struggle between several ideologies on what makes excellent design. Several design eras reigned over the Bauhaus and often the majority of facilities and students would promote the most effective art forms at the time, either by intensive lecture, social reform or by immediate demonstration. In truth, it is not the idea that makes impactful design but the artist themselves that have been trained to do so. It is only with a combination of basic understanding of the art form and creative execution does it make for something truly beautiful. This is the reason why design theory exists and if the Bauhaus were to be relevant to this day, a major point would be to only give the information needed to understand art and leave the progression and execution to the students whilst helping them refine their skills.
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