Author: Mandy Francois

Coffeehouse Malcom X / CPUSA

Malcom x was a Black and Muslim leader in the civil rights movement and advocate for the American Black Nationalist movement. He spread teachings about Black pride and believed that Black Americans should protect themselves by any means which was the opposite of MLK’s non violent stance. 

CPUSA stands for Communist Party USA. It was established in 1919 and their goal was to eliminate social class struggles by creating a classless society where everyone benefits from eachother and the state controls all wealth and property. The CPUSA was formed after the Russian revolution when a split in the socialist party of America occurred. 

Coffeehouse #4

Coup d’ethics 

In this essay, I will discuss the ethical implications of Thomas Sankara and Marie Mitchell’s characters in American Spy, a novel written by Lauren Wilkinson.

I will use the text to illustrate the ethics used that best describe the reasoning behind highlighted decisions made by the characters previously stated. 

The former  Marxist president and American spy in the novel seem to be following deontological ethics because of their work obligations— Marie is working with the U.S government as a spy and Thomas Sankara is the federal leader of his country. The text has also led me to believe that Marie also follows utilitarianism because although her sense of duty requires her to take down the man that she shares love sentiments for. 

 As stated in the handout,utilitarianism is described “by rejecting moral codes or systems that consist of commands or taboos that are based on customs, traditions, or orders given by leaders or supernatural beings to follow the action that produces the most good of others as well as one’s own good.” Examples of Marie neglecting duties or adhering to them for personal gain is her accepting the assignment to find out more information about her sister’s death. She also doesn’t want to kill Thomas Sankara because of her own formed belief in him. 


Essay 2 draft 1

Subway is another word for Stake

    This explication will explore Hilda Morley’s “New York Subway”. The following essay will dissect one of the descriptive lines she uses and explore the direct connotations deriving from the real historical event of a patron Saint, honored by the French nation for her bravery. 

The setting of the poem takes place in a New York Subway train, which I suspect is the F train because we’re told that it had high-school boys from Queens inside. Amongst the passengers, Morley describes a woman as “the girl with her haircut very short and fringed, like Joan at the stake, the corners of her mouth laughing.” She uses literal and metaphorical ideas that are unique to a true event. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word fringed was in the 15th Century- the same time that Joan of Arc lived.

 The word “fringed” alongside “short” is used to describe her hair- that of the girl in the subway train, but also Joan’s. The word fringed comes from the Old French word: “frenge’ which means fibers or shreds”. For me, this creates the imagery of a girl with short hair and bangs framing her face in a wispy border. 

Although braided hairstyles hanging on either side of the face were the most common hairstyles in medieval France, for a soldier like Joan, unevenly chopped off hair would have been likely to appeal to a more masculine look. This can also indicate that the girl in the subway’s haircut was probably not tailored and perfectly trimmed as well. 

Essay 1 Draft 2

My Intelligence is for Lease

       Discomfort is necessary to support an intellectual home. Before I, or anyone can find

what works, there needs to be failure, and for a clear idea of what works to exist, it’s equally true that what doesn’t work needs to be present. Salvatore Scibona’s “Where I Learned To Read” and Sherman Alexie’s “Superman and Me”, there are subliminal and abstract examples of how lack can lead to fulfillment. 

       In the first story, we meet a young boy who learns to read in the discomfort of his home. Him and his family live on a reservation, which we’re not given much context for but it’s not out of the ordinary to imagine that this indicates an uncomfortable lifestyle. He learns to read by making connections between the illustrations of his comic books and the words written in the text bubbles. While this is impressive and heartfelt, I imagine that there is a reason why a young boy was so lost in a book, seeking for understanding instead of enjoying it in passing. 

         In that little boy, I see me. I see 12 years old me butchering the lyrics to trending songs on the radio and making out one word of the sounds I heard that made no sense to me. I see myself watching Disney Channel and Nickelodeon shows, completely understanding situations because of the body language, and being able to recognize what words meant something would happen. And finally, I see myself— being transferred to an American school even when I spoke no English because my parents knew I would figure it out and that it’d be better for my future. Children are easily consumed by any form of storytelling because of the hunger to understand that they all carry. His intellectual home is reading and letting himself be carried by a story. In real life, this can present itself as learning best by consuming large amounts of information and creating concepts that help you grasp it independently. 

        In Scibona’s story, I see discomfort in direct form. There is apparent discomfort in his working situation, and according to this sentence; “I did my best to flunk out of high school. I failed English literature, American literature, Spanish, precalculus, chemistry, physics” (Scibona 1) school was definitely not a safe place for him either. He hated his job too: “I loved that job the way a dog loves a carcass in a ditch”. These high levels of discomfort must be carried out by something that ties it all together: his intellectual home. The high level of passion that he ends up having for reading must be equal to the high level of discomfort that he experienced from what his life was filled with as well. 

        My intellectual homes are in direct relation to what it is that I’m consumed by at a certain moment in life. There needs to be something lacking, for me to find a method to get things right. My intelligence is for lease. It’s occupied by the substance of my lifestyle and occupied by the methods I find to be the most positive for me at that time. 

Essay 1 Draft 1

My home is tucked away within every place that I’ve laid my head to rest and felt comfort in. My intellectual homes are processes- they’re the journal entries that I write yearning to be with my family again. They’re the lists that I make to attain all the goals that I’ve set for myself. The intellect of my home relies on the pen and paper, or my fingers mindlessly typing on my notes app about all of my mind’s spilled thoughts. Part of my method is to drown out the noise by planning. Physically, I dream of having a home. While I say that my country Haiti is home, I’ve also lived in Montréal, Florida, different parts of Haiti and New York on and off. I’ve left those places and come back multiple times. Which has made me someone who finds home outside of a physical place because of my exposure to the temporal side of home. When I write, I am in complete assurance that what is written down will get done- so I utilize this method to get the best out of school, personal goals, worries and hopes. I can take writing with me wherever I go. I feel empowered to change a narrative, mark a due date, or again, let my mind be at full capacity for the day by letting it bleed onto my journals in the evenings. 

Coffeehouse 1

Mandy Francois

Mandy Francois
Coffeehouse 1

My favorite essay is Scibona because of all the imagery used. I feel like Alexis’ essay was well written, good even– but it was one dimensional and like a sitcom where they only hangout in the same living room. In Scibona’s essay, their words prompted my mind to illustrate different settings, smells and made me pause and think. For instance, $3.85 per hour is insane– then I realized that it may have been average for the time. I also thought about the smell of grease, my friends who attend St John’s University, how people read Donald Trump’s biography before he was president and so forth. I also vaguely relate to building a different relationship with reading and books, as I entered college and felt like my life too, became multifaceted and I felt a stronger sense of choice. I also relate to not doing so well in highschool and finding myself being more disciplined and engaged with my post secondary education. I’ve also observed that Scibona’s essay takes us forward in time, while Shermie Alexis’ is almost stagnant and barely moving past what I imagined of them as a child and what a reservation looked like.