In this reading, Ching discusses the bonding of masonry and the faces exposed. Vertical joints (Head joints) and horizontal joints (Bed joints) are the spaces between masonry that help join each layer and between courses. The six different joints Ching supplies in his book are: Concave, V, Flush, Raked, Struck, and Weathered joints. Along with the joints, he also provides us with six patterns of joining the bricks into layers. In Chapter twelve, he mentions lumber and the grade mark for it. Furthermore, plywood is generated by bonding veneers under heat and pressure. The grade stamp for Plywood is usually on the back of the wood panel, APA or the American Plywood Association. This includes the exposure level, which is the durability against weather conditions and panel grade along with span rating. Wood panels are layers of particle board, oriented strand board, and wafer board. In chapter four, Ching discusses the steal beam shapes. His rule of thumb for the W shaped beam is SPAN/20 and grider’s SPAN/15. He explains that composite steel columns are encased in reinforced concrete. Then, he moves on to explain that reinforced concrete beams act together longitudinally to resist applied forces. His rule of thumb for the depth of the beam is SPAN/16. To build a foundation, reinforced concrete columns and beams act together to form a grid that runs across the whole foundation. For flooring systems, the precast concrete units are light enough to achieve efficiency, this provides less depth, reduced weight and longer spans.