India Nation Analysis

Arora, M., Datta, P., Barman, A., Sinha, P., Munish, V. G., Bahl, D., Bhaumik, S., Nazar, G. P., & Tullu, F. (2020). The Indian Bidi industry: Trends in employment and wage differentials. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.572638 

Akhtar, W. H., Watanabe, C., Tou, Y., & Neittaanmäki, P. (2022). A new perspective on the textile and apparel industry in the digital transformation era. Textiles, 2(4), 633–656. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles2040037  figure 10

Brahmananda Rao, V., Ashok, K., & Govardhan, D. (2021). Unprecedented climate change in India and a three-pronged method for reliable weather and climate prediction. Frontiers in Climate, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.716507 

Bhatt, Asthutosh. (2023). Everything you need to know about the textile Industry in India.

https://lio.io/blog/textile-industry-in-india/

Calkins, P. B., Dikshit, K. R., Champakalakshmi, R., Allchin, F. R., Subrahmanyam, S., Percival Spear, T. G., Schwartzberg, J. E., Wolpert, S. A., Raikar, S. P., Alam, M., Thapar, R., & Srivastava, A. L. (2023). India. In Encyclopedia Britannica. 

Chatterjee, P., & Dev, A. (2023). Labour market dynamics and worker flows in India: Impact of Covid-19. Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 66(1), 299–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00420-7 

Chen, X., Memon, H. A., Wang, Y., Marriam, I., & Tebyetekerwa, M. (2021). Circular economy and Sustainability of the clothing and textile industry. Materials Circular Economy, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-021-00026-2  

De Gersem, N. (2020). Cultural differences in management: Two aspects. IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, 9(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/2277975219865683 

Disha Geography Exam 20 20 India and World May 2022 edition. (n.d.). Kitab Dukan. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.kitabdukan.com/disha-geography-exam-20-20-india-and-world-may-2022-edition/ 

Fiksel, J., Sanjay, P., & Raman, K. (2021). Steps toward a resilient circular economy in India. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 23(1), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01982-0 

Gazzola, P., Pavione, E., Pezzetti, R., & Grechi, D. (2020). Trends in the fashion industry. The perception of Sustainability and circular economy: A gender/Generation quantitative approach. Sustainability, 12(7), 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072809 

Harsanto, B., Primiana, I., Sarasi, V., & Satyakti, Y. (2023). Sustainability innovation in the textile industry: A systematic review. Sustainability, 15(2), 1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021549 

Hertog, S., Gerland, P., & Wilmoth, J. (n.d.). India overtakes China as the world’s most populous country. Www.un.org. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2023_policy-brief-153.pdf 

India: Fiber production volume by type. (n.d.). Statista. Retrieved August 3, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1122558/india-fiber-production-volume-by-type/ 

India – population, Diversity, growth. (n.d.). In Encyclopedia Britannica. 

India population (2023) – worldometer. (n.d.). Worldometers.Info. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/india-population/ 

Istaiteyeh, R., Najem, F., & Saqfalhait, N. (2023). Exports- and imports-led growth: Evidence from a time series analysis, case of Jordan. Economies, 11(5), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11050135 

Jhariya, M. K., Banerjee, A., & Meena, R. S. (2022). Importance of natural resources conservation: Moving toward the sustainable world. In Natural Resources Conservation and Advances for Sustainability (pp. 3–27). Elsevier.  

John, D. A., & Babu, G. R. (2021). Lessons from the aftermaths of green revolution on food system and health. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.644559 

Kapoor, R., Sabharwal, M., & Ghosh-Jerath, S. (2022). Indigenous foods of India: A comprehensive narrative review of nutritive values, antinutrient content and mineral bioavailability of traditional foods consumed by indigenous communities of India. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.696228 

Karlsson, B. G. (2022). Destroying one’s own home: resource frontiers and indigenous governance in Northeast India. Contemporary South Asia, 30(2), 298–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2022.2060344 

Khurana, K. (2022). The Indian fashion and textile sector in and post-COVID-19 times. Fashion and Textiles, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-021-00267-4 

Kumar, S. U., Kumar, D. T., Christopher, B. P., & Doss, C. G. P. (2020). The rise and impact of COVID-19 in India. Frontiers in Medicine, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00250 

Leal Filho, W., Perry, P., Heim, H., Dinis, M. A. P., Moda, H., Ebhuoma, E., & Paço, A. (2022). An overview of the contribution of the textiles sector to climate change. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.973102 

LotusArise. (2020, November 16). Indian Geographical Extent and Frontiers – UPSC geography. LotusArise. https://lotusarise.com/indian-geographical-extent-and-frontiers-upsc/ 

Maiti, D., Castellacci, F., & Melchior, A. (2020). Digitalisation and development: Issues for India and beyond. In Digitalisation and Development (pp. 3–29). Springer Singapore. 

Malhotra, S., Sharma, K., & Dogra, S. (2020). Food culture studies in India: Consumption, representation and mediation (Simi Malhotra, K. Sharma, & S. Dogra, Eds.; 1st ed.). Springer.  

Malhotra, Simi, Sharma, K., & Dogra, S. (Eds.). (2021). Food culture studies in India: Consumption, representation and mediation. Springer Singapore. 

Manonmani, M. (2013). A stochastic frontier production function approach to the Indian textile industry. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 48(4), 703–710. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23509825 

Misra, Y. V. (2022). The long walk home: India’s migrant labor, livelihood, and lockdown amid COVID-19. Journal of Applied Communication Research: JACR, 50(sup1), S10–S17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2022.2079916 

Mitchell, T. (2021, September 21). 1. Population growth and religious composition. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/09/21/population-growth-and-religious-composition/ 

Monsoon, M., & Gupta, A. (n.d.). India’s climate research agenda: 2030 and beyond. Gov.In. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/India%27s%20Climate%20Research%20Agenda%202030%20and%20beyond.pdf 

Mtenzi, F. J., Oreku, G. S., & Lupiana, D. M. (2023). Impact of disruptive technologies on the Socio-economic development of emerging countries (Fredrick Japhet Mtenzi, G. S. Oreku, & D. M. Lupiana, Eds.). Information Science Reference. https://books.google.at/books?id=wbjFEAAAQBAJ 

Muniyandi, M., Singh, P. K., Aanandh, Y., Karikalan, N., & Padmapriyadarsini, C. (2022). A national-level analysis of life expectancy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1000933 

Mustafin, A. N., Kotenkova, S. N., Kravčáková Vozárová, I., & Kotulič, R. (2022). Impact of import substitution policy on economic growth. Economies, 10(12), 324. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10120324 

Neog, Y., & Gaur, A. K. (2020). Tax structure and economic growth: a study of selected Indian states. Journal of Economic Structures, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-020-00215-3 

Pandey, N., Srinivas, K. R., & Deepthi, T. R. (2022). Emerging technologies, STI diaspora and Science Diplomacy in India: Towards a new approach. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2022.904100 

rawan. (2019, April 13). Frontiers and boundaries with reference to Indian sub-continent. UPPSC Exam Notes; Alacritous IT Pvt Ltd. https://uttarpradesh.pscnotes.com/uppcs-mains-notes/uppcs-mains-updated-syllabus-paper-i/frontiers-and-boundaries-with-reference-to-indian-sub-continent/ 

Renu, N. (2021). Technological advancement in the era of COVID-19. SAGE Open Medicine, 9, 205031212110009. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121211000912 

Saha, Manoji. (2023). Rupee turning out to be the most stable currency, says RBI report. Inflation slowing down personal consumption expenditure. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/rupee-turning-out-to-be-the-most-stable-currency-says-rbi-report-123062301001_1.html

Sahu, A. S., & Das Chatterjee, N. (2023). Environmental management and sustainability in India: Case studies from West Bengal. Springer International Publishing. 

Salunke, P., Keshri, N. P., Mishra, S. K., & Dash, S. K. (2023). Future projections of seasonal temperature and precipitation for India. Frontiers in Climate, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1069994 

Schumacher, K. A., & Forster, A. L. (2022). Textiles in a circular economy: An assessment of the current landscape, challenges, and opportunities in the United States. Frontiers in Sustainability, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.1038323 

Shabbir, M., Ahmed, S., & Sheikh, J. N. (Eds.). (2020). Frontiers of textile materials: Polymers, nanomaterials, enzymes, and advanced modification techniques. Wiley. 

Shah, M. A., Pirzada, B. M., Price, G., Shibiru, A. L., & Qurashi, A. (2022). Applications of nanotechnology in smart textile industry: A critical review. Journal of Advanced Research, 38, 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.008 

Singh, P., & Pattanaik, F. (2020). Unfolding unpaid domestic work in India: women’s constraints, choices, and career. Palgrave Communications, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0488-2 

Singh, R. B., Paroda, R. S., & Dadlani, M. (2022). Science, Technology and Innovation. In India Studies in Business and Economics (pp. 213–250). Springer Nature Singapore. 

Srivathsa, A., Vasudev, D., Nair, T., Chakrabarti, S., Chanchani, P., DeFries, R., Deomurari, A., Dutta, S., Ghose, D., Goswami, V. R., Nayak, R., Neelakantan, A., Thatte, P., Vaidyanathan, S., Verma, M., Krishnaswamy, J., Sankaran, M., & Ramakrishnan, U. (2023). Prioritizing India’s landscapes for biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Nature Sustainability, 6(5), 568–577. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01063-2 

Srivastava, A. , Thapar, . Romila , Allchin, . Frank Raymond , Calkins, . Philip B. , Wolpert, . Stanley A. , Raikar, . Sanat Pai , Subrahmanyam, . Sanjay , Dikshit, . K.R. , Spear, . T.G. Percival , Alam, . Muzaffar , Schwartzberg, . Joseph E. and Champakalakshmi, . R. (2023, August 9). India. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/India  https://www.britannica.com/place/India#ref46358. figure 1-9

Stone, C., Windsor, F. M., Munday, M., & Durance, I. (2020). Natural or synthetic – how global trends in textile usage threaten freshwater environments. The Science of the Total Environment, 718(134689), 134689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134689 

Tanasa, F., Teaca, C.-A., Nechifor, M., Ignat, M., Duceac, I. A., & Ignat, L. (2023). Highly specialized textiles with antimicrobial functionality—advances and challenges. Textiles, 3(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles3020015 

The Global Economy. Business and economic data for 200 countries. India: Political stability. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from  (Figures 1 and 2) https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/India/wb_political_stability/

United Nations. (n.d.). Climate Reports | United Nations. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports 

Uttam, S., Srivastava, V., Rajni, Sharma, I., & Dhiman, R. (2023). Indian clothing: Its evolution and development. In Springer Texts in Business and Economics (pp. 51–61). Springer International Publishing. 

Vyas, M. (2020). Impact of lockdown on labour in India. Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 63(S1), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-020-00259-w 

Warasthe, R., Brandenburg, M., & Seuring, S. (2022). Sustainability, risk and performance in textile and apparel supply chains. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 5(100069), 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2022.100069 

World Bank Group. (2023, April 7). Indian economy continues to show resilience amid global uncertainties. World Bank Group. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/04/04/indian-economy-continues-to-show-resilience-amid-global-uncertainties 

Yale program on climate change communication. (2022, October 20). Yale Program on Climate Change Communication. https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/climate-change-in-the-indian-mind-2022/toc/3/ 

Yang, S., Lancheros, S., & Milner, C. (2021). Technological catch-up to the national and regional frontier: Firm-level evidence for India. The Journal of Development Studies, 57(8), 1303–1320. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1881492 

Ye, P., Xia, S., Xiong, Y., Li, Y., & Chen, L. (2022). Can the natural resources capitalization contribute to the achievement of carbon neutrality? A pilot experiment evidence from China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.831840

India exports a variety of fiber, fabric, and apparel items to the US to meet customer needs. Cotton shirts, t-shirts, skirts, and trousers, which highlight India’s cotton production, are popular. Silk sarees, gowns, and scarves are exported for their superb artistry and attractive patterns (Akhtar et al., 2022). Salwar kameez, lehengas, and kurta sets are also popular in the US for their brilliant hues and traditional charm (Tanasa et al., 2023). The market exports finely embroidered bedspreads, curtains, table linens, and cushion covers. 

Handwoven fabrics, block-printed textiles, and hand-embroidered clothing exhibit India’s aesthetic legacy. Sustainable jute and hemp bags, carpets, and clothes are in demand (Shabbir et al., 2020). The US market offers scarves, stoles, shawls, and trendy jewelry. Fabric quality, design complexity, and brand reputation affect product prices (Manonmani, 2013). Consumers must browse online marketplaces, specialist shops, and fashion merchants to locate things that fit their needs and budgets.

As an Indian-based firm, it knows how important import and export rules are to international trading. One must follow US customs procedures and pay all fees, charges, and taxes while importing items. One offers accurate and comprehensive paperwork for our shipments to help the CBP enforce these requirements (Istaiteyeh et al., 2023). One also follows US export control rules while exporting products. One collaborates with the U.S. (Schumacher & Forster, 2022). Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) and other agencies to determine whether our goods are subject to export restrictions. 

One seeks licenses and permissions to comply with and protect sensitive technology and items (Stone et al., 2020). One can reach a vast customer base by being present in the US’s vibrant and dynamic economy. Our infrastructure and trade agreements aid our exports. To operate responsibly in the US, one must understand and comply with local and international trade rules (Mustafin et al., 2022). Staying abreast of regulatory developments and obtaining expert guidance helps us negotiate international commerce.

One employs many distribution techniques to effectively reach our target consumers in India. Distributors, merchants, and brick-and-mortar stores sell our products. One uses Amazon and Flipkart to serve the expanding number of online shoppers (Chen et al., 2021). One distributes our products nationwide via wholesalers and distributors. One understands the importance of logistics in product delivery (Gazzola et al., 2020). One uses Blue Dart and FedEx to deliver our shipments. E-commerce fulfillment centers ease the process of storing, packing, and providing online orders. 

In high-demand cities, one prioritizes last-mile delivery to get our products to customers quickly (Warasthe et al., 2022). Regional warehouses reduce delivery times and costs. Regional delivery businesses help us enhance their delivery systems (Leal Filho et al., 2022). One recognizes that to provide our Indian customers with a seamless and gratifying experience, one must adapt our shipping and delivery processes to their unique challenges and opportunities.

India manufactures several natural and artificial fibers. Cotton, silk, wool, and jute are common natural fibers. India produces the world’s most cotton. Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal manufacture plenty of silk (Harsanto et al., 2023). West Bengal, Bihar, and Assam grow jute, whereas the north produces wool. Organic cotton, bamboo, and hemp have become more popular recently. These fibers meet the worldwide demand for eco-friendly goods (India: fiber production volume by type, n.d.). For fabric, Indian textiles have a long history and a variety of materials, styles, and weaving processes. Banarasi silk, Kanjivaram silk, Chanderi silk, and Paithani silk are famous for their exquisite artistry and eternal beauty. Traditional textiles vary by location in India, reflecting its cultural variety (Khurana, 2022). India’s textile industry produces denim, polyester, rayon, mixed textiles, and traditional fabrics. Modern textile mills can fulfill local and worldwide demand with large-scale manufacturing. 

Lastly, on apparel, India is a leading manufacturer and exporter of ready-made clothing. The garment business serves men’s, women’s, children’s, and ethnic clothes (Shah et al., 2022). Fashion and customer tastes change quickly in the garment industry. Apparel design, manufacture, and export are big in Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, and Chennai (Uttam et al., 2023). Indian clothing stands out worldwide for its exquisite decorations, stitching, and brilliant hues.

India has one of the world’s biggest labor markets. With over 500 million people, the workforce is young, with a considerable share under 30, presenting the potential for a demographic dividend if properly tapped (Chatterjee & Dev, 2023). Agriculture traditionally employed a large section of the workforce. However, recent development has favored the services and industrial industries (Arora et al., 2020). IT and software services, BPO, healthcare, education, tourism, and other knowledge-based businesses drive India’s economy. Manufacturing includes textiles, autos, electronics, and medicines. “Make in India” (Misra, 2022), promotes indigenous manufacturing and employment creation.

India’s unregulated informal sector is remarkable. This section needs help with job security, social security, and working conditions. However, India’s competent workforce in IT, software development, engineering, healthcare, and other disciplines helps it succeed in the global services economy (Singh & Pattanaik, 2020). Unemployment, particularly among the educated young, persists (Vyas, 2020). The government prioritizes job development and workforce expansion. Despite gender inequities, female labor force participation in India has increased.

India has the world’s biggest, most diverse, and most resilient economy. The COVID-19 epidemic disrupted several industries, but the economy was recovering. Services are crucial to GDP (Fiksel et al., 2021). Indian IT firms provide services globally. Agriculture provides food and jobs for a substantial population (Kumar et al., 2020). The government has promoted local manufacturing via “Make in India” to increase output and jobs (Mtenzi et al., 2023). Transportation, energy, and telecommunications investments have supported economic growth and connectivity. 

The level of risk associated with an organization is based on shifts in macroeconomic forces (Strickler, 2022). Factors such as the Covid-19 Virus and poor economic structure, within the financial district, are causes of economic risk when international retailing in India. As listed on the statistics-based source engine, Statista, the retail market in India was steadily on the rise between the years 2013 to 2018 but took a substantial dip in the year 2020 due to the global pandemic, caused by COVID-19. India’s retail market is not projected to reach the same level of affluence as pre-Covid until the year 2026 (Jones, 2023). The crisis of the pandemic led to disruption in the supply chain— “a gap in the free movement of transportation… the retailers faced the challenge of (obtaining) inventory and deliverables of products” (Palavi, 2022). Consumers no longer had a broad spectrum of what they chose to buy. Instead, many opted into strictly purchasing essential items, creating a change in demand (Palavi, 2022). Although India is recorded to have one of the fastest growing markets in the world, because of non-performing assets and bad loans, they are in a position of structural challenges within their economy  (Huang, 2023). The risks of international retailing are present in a market that has had great losses by their hand and otherwise.

History, language, religion, customs, art, festivals, and food make up India’s rich culture. Over 22 official languages and several regional dialects show the country’s linguistic Diversity (De Gersem, 2020). Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism were founded there, living peacefully alongside Islam, Christianity, and other religions (Kapoor et al., 2022). Bharatanatyam, Kathak, and Odissi demonstrate India’s rich culture (Malhotra et al., 2021). India celebrates Diwali, Holi, Eid, and Christmas with gusto and promotes communal peace.

The Taj Mahal, elaborate paintings, and superb craft make up India’s art and architecture. Each region’s Indian cuisine is famous for its spices and tastes (S. Malhotra et al., 2020). Indian culture values family and societal relationships, with the joint family structure remaining common. Saris, salwar kameez, and kurtas exhibit ethnic variety and are worn numerous times (Calkins et al., 2023). They all come in various colors and styles.

Indian culture reflects the beliefs, social structure, and religious inclinations of the Indian people. This is because India has a large population, and watching movies is a viral trend. Indians are also found to have a highly collectivist culture where individuals work as part of a group and place society’s needs above their own (Nelson et al., 2006). As a result, people generally find it difficult to distance themselves from others. Indians are also classified as vertical collectivists, which means they look up to, admire, and emulate successful people such as celebrities (Nelson et al., 2013). India is a culturally diverse country where each region has its own culture, which is reflected in the language, clothing, and traditions of the Indian people. The people of one country are different from the people of other countries in terms of culture, but they follow the same rule of law. Culture is also a window for a country to open up to the outside world. Looking at the different cultures of India, everyone can appreciate their diversity and also learn about the people’s religious beliefs and glorious past. For Indians, culture is a way of life and something that is deeply rooted in their hearts.

India’s technology adoption has improved across industries in recent years. With a large youthful population, a developing economy, and official assistance, the nation has swiftly embraced technology into everyday life (R. B. Singh et al., 2022). India’s reputation for professional IT and software services has grown internationally (Pandey et al., 2022). Mobile payment systems and digital wallets have become popular in India. E-governance has enhanced public services’ efficiency and openness. 

Startups, particularly tech startups, have boosted innovation and entrepreneurship (Maiti et al., 2020). E-commerce, finance, AI, and data analytics demonstrate India’s technical progress. The Internet and mobile access have expanded digital inclusion for a substantial portion of the population (Yang et al., 2021). Despite limitations, India’s technology adoption can revolutionize its digital ecosystem and boost growth and development.

India’s IT industry is a key part of the economy, making up 7.4% of the GDP in 2022. It also plays a big role in global outsourcing, providing 56% of the total services. With cities like Bengaluru often referred to as the “Silicon Valley of India,” the country has contributed significantly to information technology, software development, and digital services. India has also arrived in the last few years. The country has made particularly significant strides in artificial intelligence, fintech, and e-commerce, with companies such as Paytm, Zomato, and Flipkart leading the charge. Government initiatives, including Digital India, are pushing up digitization by enhancing digital infrastructure and millions getting access to the tech wave, innovation, and entrepreneurship. The technology landscape in India has been innovative with a sturdy IT sector. Other than this, India is one of those countries that have made most of the advancements in the field of software development and e-commerce, and today, India is well adapting to the changing era of Artificial Intelligence. The country will be able to have a significant influence on the upcoming trends in the global IT industry. 

Population – The population of  India is over 1.4 billion people, making it the second most populous country. This large population is rich in cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity, with over 2,000 distinct ethnic groups and more than 1,600 languages. Rapid urbanization and economic development have led to major demographic shifts, with an increasing percentage of the population living in cities. Although India has made progress in education and healthcare, challenges such as poverty, resource allocation, and environmental sustainability remain, making population management a critical issue for the country’s future. Between 1951 and 1961, the Muslim population in India grew by 32.7%, outpacing the overall growth rate of 21.6%. However, the growth gap has decreased since then. From 2001 to 2011, Muslims grew by 24.7%, while Hindus grew by 17.7%, a difference of 7 percentage points. Meanwhile, the Christian population grew the slowest at 15.7% during the same period, significantly lower than the 29.0% growth seen in the decade after Partition.

Demographic – “Of or relating to the study of changes that occur in large groups of people over some time: of or relating to demography” (Britannica dictionary). 

As of September 29, 2024, India’s population consists of approximately 1.45 billion people. (Worldometer, 2024). The country’s demographic as it relates to religion is not far from a monocultural society with over 80% of the population identifying as Hindu and more than 14% as Muslim. India is home to the world’s third-largest Muslim population (Statista, 2024). Projections indicate that India is on track to surpass China as the world’s most populous country by 2030, this highlights the ever-growing and ongoing demographic shifts that may influence various sectors (Statista, 2024).