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Welcome health and safety to Personnel protection equipment 

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Take the quiz don’t be shy. If most of your answers are I don’t know then its time for you to get the answers

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Selecting PPE for the Workplace

OSHA suggests accessing the workplace to determine the ppe needed. A hazard assessment should define the risk of exposure to eye and face hazards, including those which may be encountered in an emergency. Employers should be aware of the possibility of multiple and simultaneous hazard exposures and be prepared to protect against the highest level of each hazard. [29 CFR 1910 Subpart I App B

The chart show was created by osha. Before you start a project think about the hazards you may be experiencing throughout the creating process. 

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Personal protective equipment for the eyes and face is designed to prevent  injuries in the workplace. Your employer must evaluate the workplace and determine if hazards  to the eye and face are present and assign the correct PPE to workers. [29 CFR 1910.132(d)]

Eye and face protection must comply with the American National Standards Institute, ANSI Z87.1-1989 standard if purchased after July 5, 1994 or ANSI Z87.1-1968 if purchased before July 5, 1994. [29 CFR 1910.133(b)(1), 29 CFR 1915.153(b) and 29 CFR 1926.102(a)(2)]

Eye and face personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be distinctly marked to facilitate identification of the manufacturer. [29 CFR 1910.133(a)(4)]

The following minimum requirements must be met by all protective devices. Protectors shall:

Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed.

Be of safe design and construction for the work to be performed.

Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions.

Fit snugly and not unduly interfere with the movements of the wearer.

Be durable.

Be capable of being disinfected.

Be easily cleanable.

Be distinctly marked to facilitate identification only of the manufacturer.

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• Safety glasses
• Goggles
• Face shield
• Contact lens in or out
• Absorptive lenses

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Employees are required to wear eye protection to guard against injury in situations where reasonable probability of injury exists.

Spectacles: Unless safety frames and shatter resistance lens are selected your perscritions glasses will need extra support to be safe. Safety goggles lenses are designed and tested to resist moderate impact.

Safety Goggles: Safety goggles are intended to protect the eyes against dust hazards. Goggles form a protective seal around the eyes, preventing nuisance dust from entering under or around the goggles. Ventilation should be adequate, but well protected from dust entry.

Safety goggles can incorporate prescription lenses mounted behind protective lenses for individuals requiring vision correction. Take time to consider specific lens, frame, and ventilation options when selecting safety goggles.

Eyecup Safety Goggles:

Cover the eye sockets completely.

Are available with direct or indirect ventilation.

May be rigid or flexible.

Figure 3. Cover Goggles

Cover Safety Goggles:

May be worn over corrective spectacles without disturbing the adjustment of the spectacles.

Are available in direct, indirect, or non-ventilated types.

May be rigid or flexible.

Ventilated goggles allow air circulation while providing protection against airborne particles, dust, liquids, or light.

Direct Ventilation:

Resist direct passage of large particles into the goggle.

Prevent fogging by allowing air circulation.

Figure 5. Indirect-ventilated Goggles

Indirect Ventilation:

Prevent fogging by allowing air circulation.

Protect against liquid or chemical splash entry.

Figure 6. Non-ventilated Goggles

Non-ventilated Goggles:

Do not allow the passage of air into the goggle.

Prevent splash entry.

May fog and require frequent lens cleaning.

Faceplates

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The lenses of safety spectacles are designed to resist moderate impact from flying objects and particles.

Plano Lenses:

Should be used by workers who do not require vision correction.

May be flat or curved.

Are available in clear, filtered, or tinted lenses.

May include removable lenses.

Prescription (R_x) Lenses:

Figure 2. Prescription Lenses

Should be used by workers who require vision correction.

May be clear, filtered, or tinted.

May include removable lenses.

The safety spectacle frames must fit comfortably and correctly to offer the necessary protection.

Spatula Temples:

Fit over the ear.

Can be either fixed or adjustable.

Are available in metal or plastic.

Cable Temples:

Fit around the ear.

Can be either fixed or adjustable.

Are available in metal or plastic.

Figure 4. Headband Temples

Headband Temples:

Are easily adjustable for a secure fit.

Are useful for tasks requiring movement.

Figure 5. Adjustable Nose Pads

Bridges:

Are available in a variety of sizes.

Are available in fixed or adjustable types.

May have adjustable nose pads with pliable arms.

Face shield

 Face shield windows extend from the brow to below the chin and across the entire width of the face.

Face shields are intended to protect the entire face or portions of it from impact hazards such as flying fragments, objects, large chips, and particles. When worn alone, face shields do not protect employees from impact hazards. Use face shields in combination with safety spectacles or goggles, even in the absence of dust or potential splashes, for additional protection beyond that offered by spectacles or goggles alone.

Face shield windows are made with different transparent materials and in varying degrees or levels of thickness. These levels should correspond with specific tasks. Window and headgear devices are available in various combinations to enable the worker to select the appropriate equipment

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When fitted and worn correctly, goggles protect your eyes from hazardous substances. A face shield may be required in areas where workers are exposed to severe chemical hazards.

A large percentage of eye injuries are caused by direct contact with chemicals. These injuries often result from a poor choice of personal protective equipment. Then a chemical substance is allowed to  enter from around or under protective eye equipment. Serious and irreversible damage can occur when chemical substances contact the eyes in the form of splash, mists, vapors, or fumes. When working with or around chemicals, it is important to know the location of emergency eyewash stations.

Personal protective equipment devices for chemical hazards:

As a first defence use Safety Goggles: Primary protectors intended to shield the eyes against liquid or chemical splash, irritating mists, vapors, and fumes.

As a second defense use Face Shields over the safety glasses: Secondary protectors intended to protect the entire face against exposure to chemical hazards.

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Other examples of eye wash stations

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Safety glasses with side shields are used as primary protection to shield the eyes from heat hazards. To adequately protect the eyes and face from high temperature exposure, use safety spectacles in combination with a heat-reflective face shield.

The frames of safety spectacles are constructed out of metal and/or plastic and can be fitted with either corrective or plano impact-resistant lenses. Side shields are incorporated into the frames of safety spectacles when workplace operations expose workers to angular impact hazards. Consider each component of safety spectacles when selecting the appropriate device for your workplace.

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Optical radiation is often produced by artificial sources, such as UV lights, common lightbulbs, and radiant heaters. The primary source of exposure is the sun. All wavelengths across this range of the spectrum, from UV to IR, can produce thermal injury to the skin and eyes. When it comes from natural sources, this sort of thermal injury can cause a sunburn. Occupational exposures to UV light occur in welding and brazing operations.

Laser work and similar operations create intense concentrations of heat, ultraviolet, infrared, and reflected light radiation. A laser beam, of sufficient power, can produce intensities greater than those experienced when looking directly at the sun. Unprotected laser exposure may result in eye injuries including retinal burns, cataracts, and permanent blindness. When lasers produce invisible ultraviolet, or other radiation, both employees and visitors should use appropriate eye protection at all times.

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Some scene shops the metal area shares space with the wood workers so weld screens are used

 

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When you pick out the ppe you want to own be sure to read the selection charts correctly to be sure you have chose the correct item

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Employers must provide training for each employee who is required to use personal protective equipment (PPE) in the workplace per OSHA regulations. [29 CFR 1910.132(f)]

Each employee shall be trained to know at least the following:

When PPE is necessary.

What PPE is necessary.

How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE.

Limitations of the PPE.

Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.

All training should be conducted by a knowledgeable designated person.

All required training should be presented in a manner that the employee can understand.

Each affected employee shall demonstrate an understanding of the training specified and the ability to use PPE properly, before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE.

Employers who allow their employees to wear eye and face protection on a voluntary basis when not required by OSHA or the employer must implement limited provisions of a PPE program. For all other voluntary users, an additional written eye and face protection program that covers proper maintenance procedures must be implemented.

Retraining:

When the employer has reason to believe that any affected employee who has already been trained does not have the understanding and skill required, the employer shall retrain that employee. Circumstances where retraining is required include, but are not limited to, situations where:

Changes in the workplace render previous training obsolete.

Changes in the types of PPE to be used render previous training obsolete.

Inadequacies in an affected employee’s knowledge or use of assigned PPE indicate that the employee has not retained the requisite understanding or skill.

Written Certification:

The employer shall verify that each affected employee has received and understood the required training through a written certification that contains the name of each employee trained, the date(s) of training, and the subject of the certification.

Handling Emergencies:

If an eye injury occurs, quick action can prevent a permanent disability. For this reason:

Emergency eyewashes should be placed in all hazardous areas.

First-aid instructions should be posted close to potential danger spots.

Employees must know where the closest eyewash station is and how to get there with restricted vision.

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/eyeandface/employer/requirements.html

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Review Types of hazards

Gases, vapors and liquids

Dust, powder, fume mist

Flying objects or particles

Splashing metal

Heat, thermal or radiation hazards

Lasers

Electrical

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Ear protection

Workers exposed to excessive noise must use appropriate PPE including ear plugs, muffs, or both to reduce exposure.

Hearing protection is part of a hearing conservation program, which is required when noise exposure exceeds the action level [85 decibels on the A scale (dBA)].

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Noise such as

Unwanted unpleasant sound

Loudness

Frequency

Length of Exposure

Can all impair your hearing

TYPES:

1. wide band –engine

2. Narrow band– circular saw

3. Impulse noise– jack hammer

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Hearing Conservation Program When the worker’s noise exposure equals or exceeds an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels on the A scale (dBA), the employer shall develop and implement a hearing conservation program. [29 CFR 1910.95(c)]

A hearing conservation program consists of the following elements:Monitoring noise levels

Audiometric testing (hearing test)

Training

Hearing protection

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How can one control the noise level?

Change environment

Install sound barrier

Use sound absorbing material in workplace

Arrange worker schedule

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Review

The types of hearing protection include:

Hearing protector such as ear muffs and or Ear plugs

Enclosure a sound baffle

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When I worked in a scene shop I wore ear plugs and ear muffs every day

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Ear safety

Disposable earplugs

Exposure at or more than 85 db get tested

Keep hearing protectors at hand and maintained

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Gloves

There are many kinds of safety gloves. BE sure to read all the information about the glove before purchasing.

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Hard hats

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Respect sigage

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Did anyone ever tell you Lifting’s a breeze when you bend at the knees.

or Lift with your legs, not your back.

or Lift Smart – Think, Then Start!

Any my favorite protect your back – use a jack.

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Rules I lift by Check the load

Check travel path

Bend with you knees

No twisting

Set down correctly

Push do not pull

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ž  It is recommended that one person lift no more than 51 lbs.

ž  When you pick up or set down a load, don’t reach more than 10 inches away from your body.

ž  Don’t twist your body.

ž  Lift with your legs, not your back. Keep your back as straight as possible.

ž  Lift the load using a solid two-handed grip.

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Change your behavior:

Change Materials or Work Processes

One of the most effective solutions may be to use materials, building components, or work methods that are less labor-intensive.

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Back injuries happen due to poor judgment. The load is not tested or improper lifting technique occurs

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Bad life style no exercise or activity outside of work

Poor posture

Poor physical condition

Repetitive trauma

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Injuries relating to Ergonomic disorders

CTD- cumulative Trauma disorder- repetitive motion

CTS- Carpal tunnel syndrome- hands and wrists from repetitive motion

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CTD: Trauma occurs when the body part is called on to work harder, stretch farther, impact more directly or otherwise function at a greater level then it is prepared for. The immediate impact may be minute, but when it occurs repeatedly the constant trauma cause damage.

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Carpal; Tunnel syndrome              People with carpal tunnel syndrome initially feel numbness and tingling of the hand in the distribution of the median nerve (the thumb, index, middle, and part of the fourth fingers).

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 Ergonomics — fitting a job to a person — helps lessen muscle fatigue, increases productivity and reduces the number and severity of work-related injuries.

• Work station accommodate full range of motion.
• Space for knees and elbows
• Adjustable height work station

 

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Provide Management Support – A strong commitment by management is critical to the overall success of an ergonomic process. Management should define clear goals and objectives for the ergonomic process, discuss them with their workers, assign responsibilities to designated staff members, and communicate clearly with the workforce.

Involve Workers – A participatory ergonomic approach, where workers are directly involved in worksite assessments, solution development and implementation is the essence of a successful ergonomic process. Workers can:

Identify and provide important information about hazards in their workplaces.

Assist in the ergonomic process by voicing their concerns and suggestions for reducing exposure to risk factors and by evaluating the changes made as a result of an ergonomic assessment.

Bibliography

https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/personalprotectiveequipment/