Module 10 Plastics and Adhesives

Slide 1

Welcome health and safety to plastics and adhesives

Slide 2

I would like to introduce you to the art work of De Wain  Valentine; an American minimalist sculptor Valentine began his career by  working in boat shops and began to make art pieces from plastic.

Slide 3

At twelve feet high, eight feet across, and about 3,500 lbs, Gray Column is one of the biggest artworks De Wain ever made with polyester resin. By creating a single pour of resin he was able to create luminous artworks of much larger proportions

He then moved to the mainland.

Valentine was Influenced by the seascapes and skies of Southern California,

He was an early pioneer of using industrial plastics and resin to produce monumental sculptures that reflect and distort the light and space that surround them.

For Valentine, a smooth surface was the whole point of the work and he did not want it to look old.^[4]

While he was teaching a course in plastics technology at UCLA in 1965, he wanted to produce a polyester resin in large volumes that would not crack from curing.

He partnered with a chemical engineer from PPG Industries Ed Revay, Through trial and error they discovered the Valentine MasKast Resin in 1966.^[5] The highly stable resin allowed him and other artists to go far beyond the 50-pound limit to which they had once been restricted.

http://www.artnews.com/2015/06/26/big-pieces-of-the-sky-and-ocean-de-wain-valentine-on-his-first-new-york-solo-show-in-30-years/

Slide 4

Be sure to watch the video of D Weins work and how it relates to chemistry. So wither pause the lecture and watch the video or watch the video after the lecture.

Slide 5

Let’s do a little chemistry review. An Element is one of the basic substances. It is a single atom of a specific element. A Molecule is the combining of elements to create a unique substance. So, as you can see we have a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom. And when two hydrogen combine with one oxygen atom. We get H2O or water.

Slide 6

Let’s go back to electricity and our study of valence rings. Valence ring:  the outermost shell of an atom containing the valence electrons up to 8 electrons. The most electrons on the outer valence electron is eight. What is unique about the outer ring is that is where the electrons will jump from atom to atom to create new compounds or molecules.

Covalent bond: a chemical bond formed between atoms by the sharing of electrons

Slide 7

This idea is important because it involves our study of plastic.  Plastic is capable of being shaped or molded; plastic is malleability. Why is it malleable? Because it is a polymer. A polymer has a long molecular chain. It is also a Monomer, an atom or molecule that may bind chemically to other monomers to form a polymer.

Slide 8

A polymer that turns to a liquid when heated and freezes to a very glassy state when cooled sufficiently. Here are examples of a polymer on the left and and polyester on the right.

Slide 9

Here is an example of what a polymer really looks like. It is a large molecule composed or repeating structural units.  As you see in this blown up slide; here are four polymers.

Slide 10

And why is this happening? Think of each of those strands and how they could combine. And then they can become other shapes as they combine.

concept

—  large molecule composed of repeating structural units

—  Bonds that link one polymer chain to another.

—  How chemical changes composition

 

Slide 11 Thermosetting

Thermosetting is a  A polymer material that irreversibly cures. The cure may be done through heat (generally above 200 °C (392 °F)), through a chemical reaction.

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/thermosetting

Slide 12

De Wain  Valentine  used resin in his art work. Resin is a natural or synthetic compound that begins in a highly viscous state and hardens with treatment. Typically, it is soluble in alcohol, but not in water. The compound is classified in a number of different ways, depending on its exact chemical composition and potential uses. It also has many applications, ranging from art to polymer production, and many consumers interact with products that contain it on a daily basis.

Slide 13

Organic: a yellow or brown sticky substance that comes from some trees and that is used to make various products

Inorganic: An artificial substance that is similar to natural resins and that is used to make plastics Humans have been using natural resins for thousands of years. Pine pitch has been used to seal boats, mummies, food containers. It has also been used as a component in varnish, lacquer, inks, perfumes, jewelry, and many other objects. With human technological advances came the realization that this material could be formulated into polymers, and the discovery of synthetic resins followed shortly after.

For the most part, polymers made with “resins” are actually made with synthetics, which are cheaper and easier to refine. Synthetic varieties are much more stable, predictable, and uniform than natural ones as well, since they are made under controlled conditions without the possibility of the introduction of impurities.

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-resin.htm

Slide 13

Epoxy is best known as a type of durable glue that provides a high level of bonding properties that are far superior to most ordinary paste style glues. Generally sold in a two component package that requires mixing just before use, epoxy is used to securely bind a number of different types of metals, plastics, and woods. Chemist started making the inorganic epoxy for a more consistent and safe compound.

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-epoxy.htm

(Epoxy science: containing oxygen attached to two different atoms already united in some other way; specifically:  containing a 3-membered ring consisting of one oxygen and two carbon atoms}

Slide 14 How epoxy is used

Here is an example of a polyester resin being used to seal a boat. Epoxy is known as a durable glue that has a high level of bonding properties far superior to paste style glues. Epoxy is generally sold in two component tubes that need to be mixed prior to using. Epoxy is used to secure several different kinds of materials such as metal, plastic and wood.

 

Slide 15 epoxy mixing

• Epoxyresins are created by transforming liquid polyethers into infusible solids through a special curing process. In most cases, resins are the result of a chemical reaction between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A.
• Epoxy is a thermosetting epoxide polymer.
• Thermosetting: epoxy is an adhesive that cures and cannot be uncured.
• Epoxide: a chemical that is more reactive to other chemicals
• Pure epoxy is very susceptible to reaction with other chemicals.
• The other chemical in the case of epoxy is a hardening or curing agent, which reacts with the epoxy to cure into a very strong adhesive.
• Mixing the epoxy resin and hardener together begins a chemical reaction that gradually changes the combined ingredients from a liquid to a solid.

 

Slide 15 Epoxy Hardener

Epoxy Hardener is usually  an acid or alcohol. It can be used to bond, metal, plastics and wood.  Adding hardener creates a chemical reaction that changes the chemical composition creating a third chemical.  A chemical reaction or curing occurs. The chemical reaction can be very Hot! Read the safety data sheet to learn what PPE is appropriate before handling.

Slide 16

Styrene

Styrene is a colorless liquid that evaporates easily. Styrene is widely used to make plastics and rubber. Consumer products containing styrene include:

• packaging materials
• insulation for electrical uses (i.e., wiring and appliances)
• insulation for homes and other buildings
• fiberglass, plastic pipes, automobile parts
• drinking cups and other “food-use” items

How can styrene affect my health. If you breathe high levels of styrene you may experience nervous system effects such as changes in color vision, tiredness, feeling drunk, slowed reaction time, concentration problems, or balance problems. (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=419&tid=74)

Fiber glass

Fiberglass refers to a group of products made from individual glass fibers combined into a variety of forms. Glass fibers can be divided into two major groups according to their geometry: continuous fibers used in yarns and textiles, and the discontinuous (short) fibers used as batts, blankets, or boards for insulation and filtration.

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Fiberglass.html

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Fiberglass.html#ixzz4BbtfAGpJ

Health effects from exposure to fiberglass can be different depending on the fiber size and type of exposure. Larger fibers have been found to cause skin, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation. There are other possible health effects:

• A rash can appear when the fibers become embedded in the outer layer of the skin. No long-term health effects should occur from touching fiberglass.
• Eyes may become red and irritated after exposure to fiberglass.
• Soreness in the nose and throat can result when fibers are inhaled. Asthma and bronchitis can be aggravated by exposure to fiberglass.
• Temporary stomach irritation may occur if fibers are swallowed.
• http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/factsheets/fiberglass.htm

Slide 17

• Single compound such as wood glue
• Double compounds such as an epoxy, which uses a resin and a hardener.
• Read all sds before using

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybFdaYVcVuE

Slide 18

Be sure to watch the video about epoxy mixing S epoxy video

Slide 19

Rubber

Rubber is sap from hevea tree. It is isoprene, common organic compound with rubber. It is a water based natural rubber latex system used to make molds. The number one Hazard is allergies.

Slide 20

Latex is created by Emulsion polymerization. a process for creating polymers, or linked groups of smaller chemical chains called monomers, in a water solution.  A process is commonly used for creating water-based paints, adhesives and coatings where the water remains with the polymer and sold as a liquid product.  An emulsion is a stable mixture of very small droplets of the monomer or polymer suspended in the water phase. One example of a stable emulsion is liquid hand lotion, which contains several different chemicals mixed in water but not reacting with it.

Slide 21 silicon

next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust, silicon makes up 25.7% of the Earth’s crust. It occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand. It is used as a semiconductor in transistors.

Slide 22

Remember any time you heat up plastic products hazardous fume can be released.

Slide 23 plastics

So, when using any type of plastics read the safety data sheet. Look for what PPE to wear. Work in a well-ventilated area. Use vacuum attachments for power tools Clean up with wet mops. This well keep the small particles out of the work environment.

Slide 24

Before using any plastic or adhesive read the SDS and find out what elements are in it

—  Keep receipt of purchase for dating the product. This is important, if someone has an allergic reaction you may need the container and date to determine the batch number of the product.

—  Store it safely

—   estimate what you need and only purchase that amount. Some adhesives do not store well after they are opened.

—  Wear PPE

—  Be prepared for spills

 

Read the SDS and but all the products you need before using the product.

Good luck health and safety.

Bibliography

—  Art video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzhaJzfFhN4

Epoxy video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybFdaYVcVuE

http://www.artnews.com/2015/06/26/big-pieces-of-the-sky-and-ocean-de-wain-valentine-on-his-first-new-york-solo-show-in-30-years/

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/thermosetting

http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-resin.htm

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/phs/phs.asp?id=419&tid=74

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Fiberglass.html

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-2/Fiberglass.html#ixzz4BbtfAGpJ