How Can We Develop and Translate Arguments For Multiple Audiences?
Readings:
- Stuart Greene, “Argument as Conversation: The Role of Inquiry in Writing a Researched Argument,” (course reader)
- Chelsea Harrison: “College Students and Social Media” (course reader)
- Christine Yared, “Don’t Let My Classmates’ Deaths Be in Vain”
- Emma González, “A Young Activist’s Advice: Vote, Shave Your Head and Cry Whenever You Need To”
- “Diane Wolk-Rogers, “A Parkland Teacher’s Homework for Us All,” TED Talk (video)
- Cheryl Ball and Colin Charlton: “All Writing is Multimodal”
Rhetorical Situation, or Your Jumping Off Point for Writing:
What problems or issues within a given discourse community or in its relation to society need to be remedied with urgent action? What can we do to define and address pressing issues for our communities and those around us with less cultural capital or agency? For example, consider issues such as voter suppression, low voter turnout within certain groups, empowerment of different communities, or defining an otherwise highly politicized problem in such a way that a productive conversation can take place.
Your Tasks and the Genres You Will Work With:
You’ll be using two genres to make your argument: a written proposal, and a multimodal genre of your choice (such as a digital, audio, video, visual, or otherwise not strictly verbal format).
A proposal is an action-based document that exists in the academy, in research institutions, in business, in the public sector, and in government. The most central aspect of a proposal is identifying a problem, and proposing a solution to that problem through an argument that combines persuasive, pragmatic, and creative evidence together to make a case for the solution’s feasibility. In this assignment, you will be producing a group-written proposal, and an individual reflection on the choices you made in conducting research, defining the problem, and arguing for a coherent and feasible solution.
Then, you will have the opportunity to translate your research-based argument from the previous assignment into another multimodal genre of your choosing to be delivered digitally to a 21st Century audience. As you consider which new audience you would like to reach, you are welcome to choose any genre you want to produce – anything from a podcast, PSA, video, commercial, website, interview, comic, Op-Ed article, photo essay, feature magazine article, poster, brochure, rap album, speech, video game, etc. In addition to the genre that you produce (alone or as a group), you’ll turn in an individual genre translation reflection of 2-3 pages explaining how you sought to reach this specific audience and/or discourse community, and why this genre was the right fit for conveying your message.
The Proposal, in more depth:
In this assignment, you’ll write a research-based argumentative proposal explaining the urgency and necessity of solving a pressing problem that you have identified in a particular discourse community that affects our larger society as a whole. Who has the ability to solve this problem, and who are you calling into action? Consider how to reach these audiences. How are you defining this problem and your call to action for an academic community of educated scholars?
As a group, define a pressing problem, conduct an inquiry as to how it has been addressed up until this moment, and propose an original, research-based solution. You will turn in one group-written proposal of at least 6-8 pages, and will do an oral multimedia presentation presenting this argument your peers.
The written proposal may have a structure of your choice, but it should include the following components:
Introduction
In which you should give an overview of the problem you are addressing and why you want to solve it in this particular way (what’s the context? What have you researched and become a mini-expert in?), as well as the scope of the audience you are proposing it to (national level, state, local, etc), and an overview of why this proposal is significant. What is the urgency of addressing this type of public issue in the world right here, right now?
Definition of the Problem
In which you should explain the rhetorical situation and detail the specifics of the problem. Why has this not been successfully addressed before? Why did other solutions fall short? Which discourse communities are involved here, and who has the power? Does part of the problem lie in how it was defined or represented? Why address this issue right now, and what has changed? How do you know what you know about the problem? Who did you talk to, and what contextual sources have you used to frame the exigency of the issue?
Explanation of the Proposed Solution
In which you should explain what your solution will consist of, and why it will work. Research here should show the natural means by which your inquiry led you to a solution such as the one you are proposing: why does it make sense, what does your proposed solution offer, and why will it work? Lay out a plan – who would it help, and who are the stakeholders who would be involved? Who is your audience here – who needs to be convinced? (Usually this includes figuring out who gets to authorize the $$ for a public project) Why is this necessary and important, and who will benefit, and how? Integrating sources here is important to show that you have used your inquiry to create a knowledge base about this topic, and that you can support otherwise hypothetical claims with concrete evidence about what is needed and what other similar solutions have worked in the past. Where does your solution rise beyond what came before to do this work better?
Conclusion
In which you will want to leave your audience with a lasting impression about the significance and value of your proposed solution. Instead of simply re-iterating your points, you may want to expand outward, and consider how your solution will squarely address this important problem in the near future.
The Oral Multimedia Presentation should do the following:
Describe the proposal to your peers as a work of researched writing in progress, using the medium of an oral presentation with visual aids to suggest several of the points that you will make in your written proposal (visual aids like Powerpoint, a video, or handouts are highly recommended).
Explain the above components to your peers as if they were the intended audience who were able to approve the proposal, and justify your choices. You are also welcome to describe your research process and the design process, if these will help us understand the significance of the proposal to you, and where the work is headed. You will also watch and evaluate your fellow peers’ presentations, and suggest how they may develop their rhetorical position or augment the features of their proposal. In the presentation, feel free to make use of both visual/multimedia and written components—be creative, and use each form in a way you think will be most effective!
Each group will do one presentation and turn in one proposal, and will be evaluated as a group. You will also turn in an Individual Reflection Essay (1 per person), in which you will reflect on how you made writing and research choices to build this inquiry-based argument, and how collaborative writing affected your own individual process.
The Multimodal Translation, in more depth:
How can you reach audiences in the public sphere (outside of the academy) through different genres and media that reach audiences in different ways? How does your argument or call to action change when it is translated into new media? How does a given genre change the voice or persona of a writer? Consider what it would take to transfer your argument to situations beyond this class, like into other academic, social, civic, or cultural realms.
In a group or individually (whichever you prefer), you will choose a digital/multimodal genre that incorporates visual, audio, video, multimedia, interactive, or digital elements, and “translate” the argument from your group proposal into a new genre for a new audience. You could write and perform a rap song, make a video or commercial or public service announcement, create a website, or produce a brief podcast—transmitting the content of your research and the strength of your argument into an engaging piece of rhetoric for a new audience. How do you want to choose your genre, and who is this genre for? How will your translated argument affect your new audience?
Writing Assignment Instructions and Due Dates:
Thurs 4/4 Research Plan
Pick an issue or problem and define this problem in 1-2 pages of low stakes writing: who is being affected? How? What are the stakes? Has this been going on for some time (many years or generations) or is this a relatively new issue, and what will happen in the coming years or generations if it is not addressed? Why are you interested in this problem and what are 5 research questions you have about it? What are some ideas that you have as possible solutions, and how will you execute your research and writing? Explain how you will divide the work between group members, and what types of field research or secondary sources you will look for as you seek out 5+ sources to use in your proposal.
Thurs 4/11 Annotated Bibliography Due (1 per person, at least 2 entries each)
Each member of your group should find at least two sources (but hopefully many more!) that will be useful to you in drafting the problem and solution sections of the proposal. For each source, explain the vantage point, argument, and usefulness of the source to your own argument in the following sections (we’ll do an example in class): 1) Bibliographic Entry, 2) Tip Sheet, 3) Précis, 4) Reflection.
Thurs 4/18 Working Draft of Proposal (via course website + 4 copies in class)
At least 5 pages, due to me and to your Peer Review Group. We’ll do Group-to-
Group in-class Peer Review
Thurs 5/2 Oral Multimedia Presentation of Group Proposal
See above description. Should be no shorter than 10 minutes, no longer than 15. Should include multimedia or visual rhetoric, and use digital genres in an innovative way (no reliance on bullet points in a powerpoint slide!).
Thurs 5/2 Genre Translation Plan (1-2 pages)
Consider which new audiences you want to persuade of your argument beyond an academic audience. Which communities and stakeholders do you want to persuade? Write a brief plan (either as a group or alone, whichever you prefer) for translating this argument into a new genre – defining your new audiences and discussing why you think this will be an effective means of persuasion.
Tues 5/7 Final Draft of Research-Based Group Proposal Due
At least 6-8 pages, with 5+ outside sources, including Works Cited page, with Working Draft attached.
Thurs 5/9 Individual Reflection (1-2 pages)
Write a 1-2 page reflective essay, exploring your writing, research, revision and collaborative writing choices.
Thurs 5/16 Final Genre Translations Due – Presentations to the Class
Present your genre translation to the class providing examples of the genres, and explain the choices you made to translate an academic argument into a multimodal form. Also accompanying your genre translation is a reflection paper, considering how arguments change through transfer to new media, genres, and appealing to different audiences. Consider how your own voice changed, and what appeals were most successful.
