These resources might help you with the material in the first eight chapters of Billy Budd.
Nautical References, http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/bb/bb_naut.html.
Allusions, http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/bb/bb_hibimy.html.
Spithead and Nore Mutinies, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spithead_and_Nore_mutinies.
Horatio Nelson, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson.
Eighteenth-Century Sailing Vessels
The Physics of Sailing