Cold climate zone has very long cold winters, strong winds and deep snow
Site planning strategies in the cold climate zone would include:
- control winds
- maximize the use of the winter sun
- group activities to minimize outdoor travel
- use compact building forms to minimize exterior surface
- use ground as shelter
Cool-temperate climate zone is the largest climate zone. It has warm and hot summer, cool and cold winters and moderate spring and fall.
Site planning strategies in the cool-temperate climate zone would include:
- block cold winter winds while admitting cool summer breezes
- maximize shade in the summer
- maximize southern exposure for capturing the winter sun
- consider extreme conditions such as high wind speeds, flooding and snow
- use multistory structures to minimize summer heat gain and winter heat loss through exterior surfaces
Hot-Dry climate zone has clear skies, dry air, long periods of overheating and large daily temperature variations. Days are hot, nights are cold, rainfall is minimal and vegetation is sparse.
Site planning strategies in the hot-dry climate zone would include:
- shading and screening to provide relief from the heat and glare of the sun
- use thick walls for thermal mass
- utilize a courtyard which provides shade and shelter
- preserves natural plant materials
- use compact plants that require little irrigation and help increase humidity levels
- maximizes humidity through pools and fountains
- maximize and utilize summer air movement
Warm-Humid climate zone has high, relatively constant temperatures and humidity, variable winds with occasionally hurricane force and torrential rains.
Site planning strategies in the warm-humid climate zone would include:
- provide shade and maximize air movement
- use narrow floor plan for better cross ventilation
- use high ceilings for air circulation
- protect against heavy rains, flooding and strong winds
- protect building interior from direct sun exposure
