Author: Lesly

Lesly Guzman’s PSA Post

October 15, 2024 / Lesly / 0 Comments

BRAINSTORM:

Is it really safe to trust AI with Medical related topics?
How accurate can AI get when it comes to real world scenarios?
Can AI be seen to become a future threat to humanity?
Does AI enhance creativity?
Is it safe to drive cars that are controlled by AI?

PSA’s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBM-hy5Yt6w

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSKx4QNnOg4

ARTICLES:

Angwin, J. (2023). Autonomous Vehicles Are Driving Blind, The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/11/opinion/driverless-cars-san-francisco.html

Halpren, S. (2023) The Year A.I. Ate the Internet. The New Yorker. https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/profscanlan-english1121-fall2024-d536/files/2024/02/Halpern-AI-at-the-Internet-NewYorker-2023.pdf

Reed, V. (2020). The Self-Driving Car Dilemma: Who Should AI Save?, AICompetence.org . https://aicompetence.org/the-self-driving-car-dilemma-who-should-ai-save/

Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2020). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics: Ethics of AI and Ethical AI. IGI Global https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=cuny_nytc&id=GALE%7CA759221189&v=2.1&it=r&aty=ip

Wani, A., & Kumari, D., & Singh, J. (2024). Ethics in the Driver’s Seat: Unraveling the Ethical Dilemmas of AI in Autonomous Driving, SAE International https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2024-01-2023

Week 3: Body text, generative AI versions, and comparison essay

Version 1: My Own Writing

Title: Ethical GPS

Imagine an AI driven car suddenly faces a life or death decision, like whether to hit a pedestrian or swerve into the road. How should it decide? Who sets the rules that guide the car’s actions in life or death situations like this? Should it protect the passengers inside, the pedestrians, or try to cause the least harm possible? To all the drivers, clear rules are essential for keeping everyone safe on the road. It’s important to think about who creates these guidelines and what standards the vehicle should follow to protect lives. Keep up on the regulations set for AI-driven cars so that everyone’s safety, including pedestrians, passengers, and yourself, remains the top priority. Remember safety starts with knowledge and awareness!

Version 2: ChatGPT #1:

Prompt: Rephrase the PSA (see above) to make it more of PSA for a car manufacturer than for a driver.

ChatGPT:

“Imagine a scenario where an AI-driven vehicle must make a life-or-death decision—whether to hit a pedestrian or swerve into oncoming traffic. How should it determine the best course of action? Who defines the rules that guide these critical decisions? Should the car prioritize the safety of its passengers, the pedestrians, or aim to minimize overall harm. As a leading car manufacturer, we understand the importance of establishing clear and ethical guidelines for our AI systems. It is our responsibility to create vehicles that prioritize safety in all situations. We are committed to transparency and accountability in the design of our autonomous technologies. Stay engaged with our advancements and the regulations shaping the future of AI-driven vehicles. Together, we can ensure that safety is not just an option, but a fundamental principle guiding our innovations. Remember, safety begins with informed choices and a commitment to protecting every life on the road.”

APA Citation:

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 20 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Version 3: ChatGPT #2:

Prompt: Rephrase the PSA (see above) to make it more a PSA for a traffic police officer than a driver.

ChatGPT:

“Consider a scenario where an AI-driven vehicle faces a life-or-death decision—whether to strike a pedestrian or swerve into oncoming traffic. How should it make this critical choice? Who establishes the regulations that guide the vehicle’s actions in such high-stakes situations? Should it prioritize the safety of its passengers, the pedestrians, or aim to minimize overall harm? As traffic police officers, your role is vital in ensuring that clear rules are in place to protect everyone on the road. It’s essential to engage with policymakers and stakeholders to help define these guidelines and the standards that autonomous vehicles must adhere to in order to safeguard lives. Stay informed about the evolving regulations for AI-driven cars, so you can uphold safety for all—pedestrians, passengers, and drivers alike. Remember, effective law enforcement begins with knowledge and a commitment to promoting awareness in our communities.”

APA Citation:

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 20 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Comparison Essay:

My initial idea for a PSA about AI-driven cars was to raise awareness of the potential dangers and safety hazards associated with having these vehicles on the road. While many people believe that AI-driven cars are safe when they are driving normally, the real concerns arise in difficult or unexpected situations. Why is this PSA relevant to everyone? This is a question I often asked myself, but the reality is that everyone should be informed and educated on this topic. However, the type of warnings different groups of people receive should change, which was a key focus throughout the prompts from above. The PSA first specifically focused on drivers of AI-driven cars who may not realize the risks these vehicles can pose to themselves and the road. By educating themselves about their own cars, drivers can make better choices, which can lead to safer roads for everyone.

The first chat was an interesting transition, flowing much like my initial PSA but taking a slight turn in the middle. Since the prompt directed it toward a car manufacturer, the most significant change was towards the ending. Instead of focusing on the driver, it emphasized the responsibilities of the car manufacturer to “ensure that safety is not just an option, but a fundamental principle”. This shift from targeting drivers to addressing car manufacturers changed the tone completely of the PSA, making it sound more enthusiastic about the commitment they have to producing safe cars. Successfully enough AI did generate a PSA that would make car manufacturers more enthusiastic about making safe vehicles.

In the second chat, the PSA began similarly to my PSA, but the focus shifted in the end where the audience now was directed towards traffic police officers rather than drivers or car manufacturers. The second chat highlighted the importance of traffic officers being well informed to handle situations where AI driven cars may pose a risk to public safety. Overall, the tone remained consistent with my initial PSA, emphasizing the need to be aware and educated on specific safety concerns related to AI driven cars. It gave a clear message about the essential role that knowledge and preparedness play in ensuring safety when these cars are on the road.

The article cited below by Julia Angwin has been useful in providing clear examples and proof of the danger posed by AI driven cars without understanding how they would behave in dangerous situations.

Cornerstone source:

Angwin, J. (2023). Autonomous Vehicles Are Driving Blind, The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/11/opinion/driverless-cars-san-francisco.html

Week 4: Final PSA Poster, Final Reflection, APA References

Title:

Ethical GPS

Key Question:

What rules do AI driven cars follow in life or death situations?

PSA:

Imagine an AI driven car suddenly faces a life or death decision, like whether to hit a pedestrian or swerve into the road. How should it decide? Who defines the rules that guide these critical decisions? Should the car prioritize the safety of its passengers, the pedestrians, or aim to minimize overall harm. To all the drivers, clear rules are essential for keeping everyone safe on the road. It’s important to think about who creates these guidelines and what standards the vehicle should follow to protect lives. Keep up on the regulations set for AI-driven cars so that everyone’s safety, including pedestrians, passengers, and yourself, remains the top priority. Remember safety starts with knowledge and awareness!

Call-to-Action: If you drive an AI driven car, educate yourself and learn how to drive it safely it will one day save your life.

Read these articles to learn more about the potential risks posed by AI-driven cars!

Angwin, J. (2023). Autonomous Vehicles Are Driving Blind, The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/11/opinion/driverless-cars-san-francisco.html

Reed, V. (2020). The Self-Driving Car Dilemma: Who Should AI Save?, AICompetence.org . https://aicompetence.org/the-self-driving-car-dilemma-who-should-ai-save/

Reflection Essay:

This PSA project wasn’t overwhelming or exhausting; it simply required time and careful thought. In the following reflection essay, I will provide a closer look at my experience. I’ll discuss what I learned, highlight the easiest and hardest aspects of the project, outline what I would do differently with more time, and explore how my views on generative AI have evolved.

One lesson I learned from using AI to create different versions of my writing is how efficient it can be. With a simple command, like asking for a rephrase, the AI would immediately generate something, which saves a significant amount of time and effort. Additionally, this project made me realize how heavily I rely on my laptop for nearly everything. From conducting research and drafting ideas to organizing and typing out my thoughts, my laptop has become an essential tool. I also realized just how crucial it is to come up with a clear and well written prompt when working with AI. A well written prompt can guide the AI, helping it give a more accurate final product.

The easiest and hardest parts of this project go hand in hand. One of the hardest parts of this project was figuring out where to begin. When the assignment was first introduced, I felt stuck and didn’t know what would make a good topic related to AI. This made it even more challenging when I had to think of a topic for the PSA. I knew the topic needed to be something interesting and compelling if I was going to turn it into a PSA, and that pressure made it harder to decide. Some ideas didn’t feel important or relevant enough, while others seemed too complicated or difficult to explain. Starting out was definitely the most difficult step for me, but once I finally chose a topic, creating the PSA was probably the easiest. After I knew what I wanted to write about, the rest of the project was done effortlessly. It was more about building on the idea I had chosen, expanding it, and bringing it to a clear conclusion. By the end, I realized that beginning was the hardest part, but once I overcame that, everything else flowed smoothly.

The thought of working on this PSA for another week feels a somewhat daunting, not because the project itself is difficult, but because I’m quite satisfied with where my PSA currently stands. When I feel my writing is in a good place and keep revisiting it, I sometimes end up making things overly complicated. That said, I do believe there’s always room for improvement. If I were to add something, it would’ve been additional sources. I only used a few important sources, which I thought were strong, but expanding my research with more articles could’ve added new perspectives and enriched my PSA overall.

Before starting this project, my understanding of Generative AI was a blur, now during it I feel like it’s even more of a blur. With AI, it seems that the more you think you know, the more you actually don’t know. It’s similar to the ocean in a way, as we learn more about it, we end up having more questions and mysteries. I believe the same is true for AI, we have only a limited understanding right now, and there could be many changes and discoveries in the future. When it comes to the writing aspect of this project, I found that the AI was able to understand my commands well, specifically after I took the time to revise and clear up my prompts. By changing my wording and making the prompts clearer, I was able to help the AI understand my expectations better. This adjustment was important in getting the final versions of my writing that I expected, showing me that some change can go a long way in working with AI effectively. This project has made me more aware of how complex AI is and how much more there is to learn.

[668 words]

References:

Angwin, J. (2023). Autonomous Vehicles Are Driving Blind, The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/11/opinion/driverless-cars-san-francisco.html

Biever, C. (2023, July 27). The Easy Intelligence Test that AI Chatbots Fail. Nature. Celeste-Biever-AI-Chatbots-Fail-Nature

Crawford, K. (2021). Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press. pp. 1-7. KCrawford-Atlas-of-AI-Intro

OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 20 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

Reed, V. (2020). The Self-Driving Car Dilemma: Who Should AI Save?, AICompetence.org . https://aicompetence.org/the-self-driving-car-dilemma-who-should-ai-save/

Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2020). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ethics: Ethics of AI and Ethical AI. IGI Global https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=cuny_nytc&id=GALE%7CA759221189&v=2.1&it=r&aty=ip

Lesly Guzman

September 26, 2024 / Lesly / 0 Comments

Essay 1: My Photo Essay

English 1121 (Prof. Scanlan)

Date: September 26, 2024

Never Ending Change

The vast majority of individuals in a concert setting have their cameras out and ready to capture every obtainable picture they could take, including myself. When attending a concert, one’s first thought is usually to take in the music and the performance of the artist; nevertheless, few stop to consider the deliberate composition of everything that takes place on stage. Ivan Cornejo is a Mexican musician who writes songs ranging from traditional Mexican music to ballads. He performed in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and for the most part of the performance, the lighting and background were focused on a vibrant orange color, which was inspired by the color of the album cover. Yet, not many realized the change in colors or the composition of the stage. As Berger once stated (2013), “The very principle of photography is that the resulting image is not unique, but on the contrary infinitely reproducible” (18). At Ivan Cornejo’s performance the stage was never the same and was constantly changing whether it was the color, the lighting, or even the projections on the big screens, even though they were taken from the same place a different photograph was captured every time. This resulted in new decisive moments and unique photos every time. While the three photographs above are taken from the same position, it only serves as an emphasis that with the use of composition, proportion, color, and lighting it helps highlight how the three photographs are so distinctive from each other. Decisive moment is when photographic magic occurs, and in these three shots they were all their own special moment.

“Attention” is the song name of the song Ivan was singing at that moment. The entire stage had changed to black and white, which, despite being two colors that are opposites, together created a somber and depressing ambiance. Ivan unintentionally positioned himself at an angle where large screens had captured him with his microphone and his eyes shut, exhibiting emotion while singing. Ivan conveyed emotion not only through his stances and facial expressions, but also by the large background image of two hands barely holding onto one other, which could hold a lot of meaning. Furthermore, Ivan’s placement to the left side of the stage blends in with how the entire stage is composed at this exact moment, where the proportion makes sense, and we can see the musicians playing the instruments in the back. The stage, which is the subject of all the lights and attention, is what immediately strikes the viewer as the dominant impression. Since there isn’t any lighting on them and most of the lighting is aimed towards the stage, people don’t instantly notice that there are people taking pictures at the bottom of the stage, but in this photograph, they simply just look like shadows from below, very unclear and hidden yet mysterious. The entire audience of admirers around the stage, taking pictures of Ivan, emphasizes the stage’s importance as the main dominant impression. The photograph “Attention” really conveys a more meaningful story then what it may appear but that is for one’s own interpretation.

Again, the title is Ivan’s song name “The Last Time” and it was from a previous album from way back when he was just starting his career. This song was from an old album which associates with blue, so as the lights changed to blue, I knew right away what song would sing, and so he did. The entire amphitheater had been illuminated in a royal blue tone, with a lot of darkness in the surroundings. This formed a proper setting for the song that would be performed, and Ivan Cornejo’s face was projected onto bright screens above the stage which showed his passion. Blue, which stands for serenity and tranquility, was used to depict the decisive moment in this picture, which showed Ivan Cornejo’s face and emotion as the song, “The Last Time”, was sung. In addition to the little blue set lights coming from the top of the set, there were two strong blue lights aiming at the crowd to give Ivan a spotlight while he sang. The background had changed to a faded blue and black color scheme which also helped set the ambiance. This time, Ivan’s placement was equally as crucial as it was in “Attention.” He was moved to the right rather than more to the left of the stage, and this part of composition showed a different side of Ivan and a different spotlight with different lighting. While “Attention” and “The Last Time” may have similar concepts, the positioning and lighting in each photograph drastically changed how each photograph is seen and what reflects off it.

The feeling of confusion and uncertainty brought on by fog, ironically, has nothing to do with the title of the photograph, “Curiosity”, which was the name of the song he was singing at the time. Yet the fog can lead us to believe that the stage’s overall composition is more intriguing because it. Nevertheless, in addition to the fog, this image also features a variety of screens, a large crowd, and multicolored lights inflicting in some way chaos. The stages’ ambiance for “Attention” and “The Last Time” was limited to one or two colors, but for “Curiosity,” there are several colors present. Many colors are present at once rather than just one, which could evoke a variety of feelings unlike just the sadness or tranquility seen in the first two pictures. These could include chaos, intensity, and many other emotions. The lighting in “Curiosity,” in comparison with the first two photographs, makes the audience slightly more visible as well. This means that in addition to bringing possible excitement and energy to the stage, the lighting also significantly contributes to chaos among the crowd. It produced several silhouettes of the fans in the crowd, each of them staring up at Ivan and singing along, radiating admiration, with multiple screens capturing him on stage as an unforgettable moment of his performance.

As John Berger once said “The only decision he can take is as regards the moment he chooses to isolate. Yet this apparent limitation gives the photograph its unique power” (20). Every shot tells a different story, giving every shot its own uniqueness, and this is the power decisive moment holds. Additionally, Sontag also says (2013), “a photograph can be treated as a narrowly selective transparency” (531). Referring to the previous claim, every photograph has its own interpretation, even if the shots are slightly different, reality is always subject to change. Despite being taken from the same place each time, the three photographs were able to depict and symbolize a distinct moment in the performance, each with its own emotion with the help of the composition, colors, and lighting. There could always be something that sets a photograph apart, no matter how identical it may seem something is always changing. (1218 words)

References

Berger, J. (2013). Understanding a Photograph. In G. Dyer (Ed.), Understanding a Photograph: John Berger. Aperture. (pp. 18-20). https://archive.org/details/understanding-a-photograph-john-berger/page/20/mode/2up

Sontag, S. (2013). On Photography. In D. Rieff (Ed), Susan Sontag: Essay of the 1960’s & 70’s. The Library of America. (pp. 530–539). https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/scanlan-english-1101-d333 spring2018/files/2018/03/Sontag-On-Photography.pdf.

Ivan

September 23, 2024 / Lesly / 1 Comment

Attention

A few weekends ago, I witnessed Ivan Cornejo, a Mexican musician who composes and performs songs ranging from regional Mexican music to Mexican ballads, live in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The picture title Attention, is really an exact translation from Spanish to English of the song Ivan was singing. It was taken of him as he struck a note, with an angle at his arm and a tilt to his head that made it seem as if he was singing to the heavens. Ivan’s stance, the background, lighting ,and pictures really heighten the passion and significance of both the song and the photograph itself. The stage is the only thing that is illuminated by the tiny lights that descend from the set. In the meantime, the various number of fans around the platform, taking pictures and videos of Ivan, emphasizes the stage’s importance as the dominant impression.

The Last Time

Given that the new album has an orange record cover, most of the backdrops used during the performance were a very vivid orange (his previous album was a blue cover). When the lights turned blue, I instantly knew what was about to happen, and that’s when the photograph was taken. The amphitheater had been illuminated in a royal blue tone, with a lot of darkness in the backdrop. This made a fitting setting for the song, to the point that Ivan Cornejo’s expression was projected onto large, bright screens above the stage to convey the passion of that song. Blue, which represents serenity and tranquillity, was used to depict the decisive moment in this picture, which showed Ivan’s emotion as the song The Last Time was ready to be sung.

Curiosity

The feeling of confusion and uncertainty brought on by fog, ironically, has nothing to do with the title of the picture, Curiosity, which is the name of the song he was singing at the time. Nevertheless, in addition to the fog, this photograph also features a variety of screens, crowds, and multicolored lights inflicting in some way chaos. Even though I found Ivan far, it added some sense of that reality effect where there is a fuller picture of the audience, and that the chaos portrayed through the audience. Besides adding excitement to the crowd, the lighting also plays a major role in creating chaos. It produced several silhouettes of the fans in the crowd, each of them staring up at Ivan, radiating admiration, with multiple screens capturing an unforgettable moment of his performance.

“Perfect and Unrehearsed”

September 10, 2024 / Lesly / 1 Comment

The fifth image on page 3 of the PDF version of Teju Coles’ essay “Perfect and Unrehearsed” is my favorite photograph from the entire essay. With each person in the picture appearing to be in their own little world, this picture has the feel of a documentary photo. Everybody seems to have a story to share; a completely different story may be told about the man smoking a cigarette close to the girl’s face in a deep darkness or the woman standing at the doorway wearing a red and blue dress. Even with the donkey in the photograph it serves as a visual indicator that the people living there live a hardworking, modest, agricultural, and rural life. The woman is facing sideways, her cheeks glowing with perspiration from an exhausting workday. Her head is tilted to the side, as if something interesting is drawing her attention, and her shining complexion alone may convey a lot of understanding. Just comprehending the boy in the shadows would be necessary. In this case, does he purposefully stand in the shade to avoid being photographed, or is he doing so out of discomfort, perhaps even to avoid the heat of the sun. As mentioned, there are a variety of stories from a variety of people that may be interpreted from this photograph, but the general idea would be that these people are hardworking and live a rural life, this is portrayed through context clues.

Author: Lesly

Lesly Guzman’s PSA Post

Lesly Guzman

Ivan

Attention

The Last Time

Curiosity

“Perfect and Unrehearsed”

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