Lesson 23: Polygons and Perimeter/Areas of Polygons and Circles

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On this page you will find some material about Lesson 23. Read through the material below, watch the videos, and follow up with your instructor if you have questions.

Lesson 23: Polygons and Perimeter/Areas of Polygons and Circles

Resources

In this section you will find some important information about the specific resources related to this lesson:

the learning outcomes,
the section in the textbook,
the homework,
supporting video.

Learning Outcomes. (from Coburn and Herdlick’s Trigonometry book)

Use radians for angle measure.
Find the radian measure of the standard angles.
Convert between degrees and radians for nonstandard angles.
Define the six trigonometric functions using the coordinates of a point on the terminal side of an angle.
Analyze the signs of the trigonometric functions of an angle based on the quadrant of the terminal side.
Evaluate the trigonometric functions of quadrantal angles.

Topic. This lesson covers

Section 9.3: Polygons and Perimeter

pages 503-507, ex. 3-4, and

Section 9.4: Areas of Polygons and Circles

pages 510-516, ex. 1-2, 4-8.

Homework.

Practice Homework

page 507: 1, 5, 13-20 all, 22, 25, 26, 35, 37, 40, 44

page 516: 43, 44, 46, 49, 51

ALEKS Assignment

Warmup Questions

These are questions on fundamental concepts that you need to know before you can embark on this lesson. Don’t skip them! Take your time to do them, and check your answer by clicking on the “Show Answer” tab.

Warmup Question 1

Draw a coordinate plane. Mark Quadrant I,II,III, and IV.

Show Answer 1

Quadrant I: $x,y>0$

Quadrant II: $x<0$, $y>0$

Quadrant III: $x,y<0$

Quadrant IV: $x>0$, $y<0$

Warmup Question 2

In which quadrant is $(x,y)$, if $x<0$ and $y>0$?

Show Answer 2

Quadrant II.

Warmup Question 3

What is the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose legs measure $2$ and $4$?

Show Answer 3

By the Pythagorean Theorem, the hypotenuse is $\sqrt{2^2+4^2} = \sqrt{20} = 2\sqrt{5}$.

Review

If you are not comfortable with the Warmup Questions, don’t give up! Click on the indicated lesson for a quick catchup. A brief review will help you boost your confidence to start the new lesson, and that’s perfectly fine.

Need a review? Check Lesson ??

Quick Intro

This is like a mini-lesson with an overview of the main objects of study. It will often contain a list of key words, definitions and properties – all that is new in this lesson. We will use this opportunity to make connections with other concepts. It can be also used as a review of the lesson.

A Quick Intro to Angle Measure in Radian & Trigonometry and the Coordinate Plane

Key Words. Angle, radian, degree, terminal side, coterminal, quadrant, quadrantal angle.

$\bigstar$ In the standard position, the initial side of an angle is always on the positive $x$-axis. For positive angles, we move counter-clockwise to the terminal side of the angle.

$\bigstar$ Two angles are coterminal if they share the same initial side and terminal side.

$\bigstar$ An angle is quadrantal if when it is in standard position the terminal side is on the $x$- or $y$-axis.

$\bigstar$ An angle can be measured in degrees or radians.

$$180^\circ =\pi\rad$$

(picture taken from Precalculus’ textbook by Tradler and Carley)

(on the coordinate plane several angles are labeled indicating their measures in degrees and radians:

$$0=0^\circ, \dfrac{\pi}{6}=30^\circ, \dfrac{\pi}{4}=45^\circ, \dfrac{\pi}{3}=60^\circ,$$

$$ \dfrac{\pi}{2}=90^\circ, \dfrac{2\pi}{3}=120^\circ, \dfrac{3\pi}{4}=135^\circ, \dfrac{5\pi}{6}=150^\circ, \pi=180^\circ, $$

$$\dfrac{7\pi}{6}=210^\circ, \dfrac{5\pi}{4}=225^\circ, \dfrac{4\pi}{3}=240^\circ, $$

$$\dfrac{3\pi}{2}=270^\circ, \dfrac{5\pi}{3}=300^\circ, \dfrac{7\pi}{4}=315^\circ,\dfrac{11\pi}{6}=330^\circ .)$$

$\bigstar$ Let $P(a,b)$ be a point on the terminal side of angle $x$ with $r=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}>0$.

(picture taken from Precalculus’ textbook by Tradler and Carley)

(on the coordinate plane an angle $x$ in standard position has a terminal side on QII, $P(a,b)$ is a point on the terminal side, the distance between $P(a,b)$ and the origin is $r$.)

Then

$$\sin x=\dfrac{b}{r}, \quad \cos x =\dfrac{a}{r}, \quad\tan x =\dfrac{b}{a}. $$

$\bigstar$ Note that

$\sin x=\dfrac{b}{r}$ is positive when $b>0$, so QI and QII

$\cos x = \dfrac{a}{r}$ is positive when $a>0$, so QI and QIV

$\tan x = \dfrac{b}{a}$ is positive when either $a,b>0$ or $a,b<0$, so QI and QIII

(picture taken from Precalculus’ textbook by Tradler and Carley)

(on the coordinate plane an angle the four quadrants are marked, indicating which trig functions ($\sin x, \cos x, \tan x$) are positive or negative in each one of them)

Video Lesson

Many times the mini-lesson will not be enough for you to start working on the problems. You need to see someone explaining the material to you. In the video you will find a variety of examples, solved step-by-step – starting from a simple one to a more complex one. Feel free to play them as many times as you need. Pause, rewind, replay, stop… follow your pace!

Video Lesson

to be posted later

Try Questions

Now that you have read the material and watched the video, it is your turn to put in practice what you have learned. We encourage you to try the Try Questions on your own. When you are done, click on the “Show answer” tab to see if you got the correct answer.

Try Question 1

Convert $\theta = 210^{\circ}$ to radians in exact form.