CST Competency 6 – Biotechnology

Performance Expectations

The New York State Technology Education teacher understands the fundamental characteristics, tools, and processes used to maintain and improve biotechnology and environmental quality systems. The teacher demonstrates knowledge of the interrelationships between biotechnology; environmental quality; and economic, legal, ethical, and safety concerns. The teacher understands biotechnology and environmental quality systems and processes and applies principles of design, technology, engineering, science, and mathematics to biotechnology and environmental quality projects.

Performance Indicators

1. applies knowledge of biotechnology, including techniques and processes that use living organisms to make or modify products, to improve plants and animals, or to develop microorganisms for a specific purpose
2. identifies and analyzes characteristics of agricultural technologies, including technologies that aid in planting, growing, maintaining, and harvesting plants and animals
3. identifies and analyzes characteristics of medical technologies, including technologies associated with the development of prosthetics, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and genetic engineering
4. demonstrates knowledge of tools, techniques, and processes to monitor pollutants, remediate polluted regions, and control further pollution and identifies characteristics of technologies designed to improve environmental quality
5. analyzes legal, economic, ethical, and safety concerns that influence the development and operation of technologies related to biotechnology and environmental quality

Summary

1) knowledge of biotechnology (p.628)
a. def: using biological agents in processes to produce goods or services
b. biological agents
i. microorganism: very small living things
ii. enzymes: a special group of proteins
iii. animal and plant cells
iv. catalyst: to cause a reaction rapidly or slowly.
2) Genetic engineering: a type of biotechnology used to create, improve, or modify plants, animal and microorganism.
• applies knowledge of biotechnology, including
o techniques and
 structure of DNA – a double helix (spiral) structure
 in biotechnology, enzymes are used to cut the DNA chains
 genesplicing: cut and paste DNA chains to produce an organism has a new set of traits
o processes that
o use living organisms to
 make or
 modify products,
• to improve plants and animals, or
• to develop microorganisms for a specific purpose
• characteristics of agricultural technologies
o identifies and
o analyzes characteristics of agricultural technologies,
 two types
• Crop production
• Animal husbandry
o including technologies that
 aid in planting,
• fertilizer: a liquid, powder, or pellet containing important chemicals
• crop: putting seeds or starter plants into the fields
o grain drill
 growing, maintaining, and
• pest-control
o chemical
 a liquid spray to control weeds and insects
o non-chemical
 cultivator
• irrigation
o flood irrigation: use a large quantity of water that advances across the fields
o furrow irrigation: use small ditches
o sprinkler irrigation
 harvesting plants and animals
• combine
o hydroponic
 the growing of plants in nutrient solutions without soil
o food technologies
 Drying
• Removing water by placing a food in sunlight
 Canning
• Heating a food in a vacuum-sealed container
 Curning and smoking
• Treating meat with salt and adding flavor
 Fermentation
• uses microorganisms to break down complex organic components into simpler substances
• e.g.) yogurt, cheese, cheese, yeast bread, soy source, and cucumber pickles
 Pasteurization
• uses heat to kill harmful microorganism
 Irradiation
• uses gamma rays or X rays to kill most molds and bacteria
 Preservatives
• Chemicals added to food in small amounts to delay the spoilage of the food and retain the quality of the food
• Medical technologies
o identifies and analyzes characteristics of medical technologies, including
 technologies associated with the development of prosthetics,
• diagnostic technologies
o X-Ray
o Computerized Tomography (CT)
 Rotates the scanner to capture the body images in 360 degrees
o Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
 Produce cross-sectional images of body
 Use magnetic waves
 vaccines,
 pharmaceuticals, and
 genetic engineering
• prosthesis
o an artificial body part
• demonstrates knowledge of
o tools,
o techniques, and
o processes
o to monitor pollutants,
o remediate polluted regions, and
o control further pollution and
• identifies characteristics of technologies designed to improve environmental quality
• analyzes
o legal,
o economic,
o ethical, and
o safety concerns that influence the
 development and
 operation of technologies related to
• biotechnology and
• environmental quality

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