1.Dovidio, J. F. (2001). On contemporary prejudice: The third wave. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 829-849.
This article examines how social and historical developments have influenced the intellectual climate surrounding the study of prejudice and illustrates how these advances are reflected in the study of one type of racial bias, aversive racism. Three waves of research are identified. In the first wave, prejudice was assumed to reflect psychopathology. In the second, it was viewed as rooted in normal processes. The third wave emphasizes the multidimensional aspect of prejudice and takes advantage of new technologies to study processes that were earlier hypothesized but not directly measurable. Research on aversive racism is presented to demonstrate the transition of research across the second and third waves and to show how unconscious biases can significantly influence race relations.
2.Tynes, B. M., Giang, M. T.,Williams, D. R., & Thompson, G. N. (2008). Online racial discrimination and psychological adjustment among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health. 43(6), 565-569.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To examine associations between individual and vicarious racial discrimination via the Internet and psychological adjustment. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey using a school-based sample of adolescents. Two hundred sixty-four high school students aged 14-18 completed the online survey. RESULTS: Twenty percent of whites, 29% of African Americans and 42% of multiracials/other experienced individual discrimination and approximately 71% of African Americans and whites and 67% of multiracials witnessed discrimination experienced by same-race and cross-race peers. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that individual racial discrimination was significantly related to depression and anxiety over and above offline measures. Vicarious discrimination was not related to psychological adjustment measures. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents frequently experienced both individual and vicarious discrimination online. Consistent with offline studies, online racial discrimination was negatively associated with psychological functioning. This study highlights the need to address racial issues in Internet safety prevention.
Perspectives on Racism
3.Beswick, R. (1990). Racism in America’s schools. ERIC Digest. Retrieved from http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9215/racism.htm
Beswick’s article focuses not only what racism is and how it forms but also how schools can battle against racism. Noting that much of the institutional racism which takes place in schools is not only subtle but goes unpunished. Additionally, despite the fact that most racism starts at home, schools can still have a positive effect on students which can lead towards extinguishing racism. One of the first steps that can be taken, according to the article, is to publicly denounce racism. Additionally, students should become more aware of their own, as well as other groups, heritage and culture. Role-play and teaching students about the effects of racism can also have an effect. Ultimately, school administrators need to take a stand and set expectations for their schools, staffs, and students regarding racism. Offering minority students opportunities for advanced classes as well as specialized programs in math and science can help students maintain their ethnic identities as well as excel in life.
4.The Luminous Darkness of Du Bois’ Double Consciousness: Through the Lens of Contemporary Christian Women. Retrieved from Ebsco Collection database. (Accession No. 34218545)
This article describes W. E. B. Du Bois’ psychosocial theory of race, which is normally known as“double-consciousness.” This is to highlight how African Americans are able to go through life when one’s moral life is prevented by internal and external forces. Also, from Du Bois’ theoretical idea of race, “connections are made to the lived experiences of Christian women in the anthropological, ethnographic study of Marla F. Frederick.” The importance and limitations of Du Bois’ theoretical style as it pertains to the ordinary Christian women are examined, and attention is drawn to how Christian women are negotiated in public and private spheres.
5..Nicola, R. (n.d.). The Public Identities of the Black Middle Classes: Managing
Race in Public Spaces. Retrieved from Ebscocollections database.
(Accession No. 69848709)
This article looks at how middle class blacks negotiate survival in a
society marked by race and class discrimination. It examines respondents’
school experiences, marked as they are by incidents of racism and
explores both the processes by which they came to an awareness of their
status as racially minoritized and how they made sense of and managed
such incidents. The majority of our respondents have made the transition
from working class to middle class during their lifetimes.
6.Theodoric, M. J. (n.d.). Teaching race and ethnic relations: Do the right thing.
This article shows how the film Do the Right Thing can be used to help
students understand the concepts of the race and ethnic relations field.
Situations and characters in the film demonstrates concepts such as:
power and authority; stratification; DuBois’ notion of `double
consciousness’; `internal colony’; and the construction of racial and
ethnic identities and stereotypes. Scenes and scripts by the characters
of the film are used to demonstrate a wide range of beliefs and feelings
in response to prejudice, discrimination and racism in an urban
environment.
7.Daniels, R. (n.d.). Double Consciousness.
This article by Roy relates how terrible it is in job talking about
racism here in the U.S., He continued by saying most times people misuse
the term by abstracting it from history and therefore not realizing how
it operates, whom it hurts, and whom it benefits. In his article
Racism: Past and Present, Ron Daniels, a longtime political
activist and Executive Director of the Center for Constitutional rights,
gives a detailed history and analysis of past and contemporary racism.
