Prof. vK | ENG1101-D149 | Fall 2024

Homework due 10/21

For homework, complete your first first source entry based on the research question you came up with in class. Post below.

The first part of your entry will be the “bibliographic entry.” This entry gives the publication information, author, date, title and so forth. There are many websites (like easybib.com) that can help you do this.  Here is one example:  

Fitzgerald, Jill. “Research on Revision in Writing” Review of Educational Research. 57.4 (Winter 

1987): 481-506. 

Part 2: Summary (1 substantial paragraph)

In the second part of your entry, you will write a summary. This will be useful to you later, because it will give you the rundown of what you’ve read (just in case you forgot.) Your summary should capture the most important points the author makes relating to your research question, quoting directly if possible. It’s also a good time to make note of what data, facts and evidence the author uses to support their claims, and how they use this evidence to arrive at their conclusions. 

It might be tempting to use ChatGPT here, but don’t do it! Even though you’re not giving us your strong opinion (yet,) YOU are choosing which parts of the text to focus on. You can show arguments that don’t quite fit with the current research, or direct readers to points that relate to your question. Also, remember– ChatGPT makes things up!

Part 3: Opinion and Rhetorical Analysis (2-3 paragraphs)

In the third part of your entry, you will respond to the text you’ve read. This is where your voice comes in. Avoid simply agreeing or disagreeing with the author; explain your full reaction. If you could say something to this author, what would you say? Do you think they have a good point, but they take too long to get there? Do you think they sound good, but actually are way off base? And, most importantly, what, if anything, did you learn from reading? Remember– you do not have to agree with the author!! 

In this section, quote particular sentences to which you are responding. Make note of questions you still have (this can help direct you to further research.) 

Also consider rhetorical factors here like the genre of the writing, the author’s credentials, and the publication venue. How do you feel the author’s writing style, awareness of audience and purpose (reason for writing), and choice of genre affect the meaning and credibility of the document? This is called a “rhetorical analysis” and we’ll talk about it more in class.  

Part 4: Quotables   

This last part doesn’t count toward your word count, but it will help you in Unit 3.  Here, you will make note of at least one direct quote from the author made that you feel really exemplifies the document’s claims or interpretations. Or, you might want to choose a sentence that you really agree with (or really DIS-agree with) that you want to refer back to later. You don’t need to repeat something you’ve quoted earlier– this is just a place to take note of quotations you feel you may want to use later.  Put it in quotes– and don’t forget the page number (if applicable). 

14 Comments

  1. Jesenia Pineda

    Ross, Emma. “Fast Fashion Getting Faster: A look at the Unethical Labor Practices Sustaining a Growing Industry” ( October 28, 2021)

    PART 2: This text talks about the rise of fast fashion, its impact on consumption, and the exploitation of labor in the fashion industry. It explains how fast fashion, characterized by cheap and fast produced clothes, has led to a big increase in consumption, with 80 billion pieces of clothing consumed annually – a 400% increase from 20 years ago. However, 85% of these textiles end up in landfills. This increase is largely due to fast fashion companies like H&M, which produce 52 “micro-seasons” a year, driving demand for new trends and cheap clothing.

    In order to meet this demand, many fast fashion companies have outsourced production to developing countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, and India, where labor is cheaper and regulations are weaker. These conditions allow for unethical labor practices, like paying less than 2% of workers a living wage and forcing them to work up to 16 hours a day, seven days a week. Child labor is also a big problem and workers exposed to dangerous chemicals. The text highlights the tragic 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza factory in Bangladesh, where over 1,100 workers were killed due to ignored safety warnings.

    The text ends by calling for structural changes and advocating for regulations in countries that host fast fashion companies, requiring greater supply chains and enforcing fair wages and safe conditions. The author highlights the need for legislative changes to protect workers from dangerous conditions perpetuated by fast fashion practices.

    Part 3: The author gives a compelling overview of the fast fashion industry’s ethical issues, but their argument could be more impactful if they addressed the consumer’s role earlier in the piece. The text begins by focusing on consumption statistics, such as the “80 billion pieces of clothing consumed every year” and the “400% increase from only twenty years ago.” While these statistics are eye-opening, I would have preferred an earlier exploration of how consumer behavior drives fast fashion’s bad practices. The consumer’s responsibility is mentioned but feels less important , which makes me question whether the author believes corporate reform is enough without addressing demand. I would ask the author if they think that educating consumers about the labor abuses tied to fast fashion could also serve as a powerful tool for change, alongside legislation.

    One of the text’s strengths lies in the evidence the author uses to support their claims, particularly regarding labor practices. The mention of the Rana Plaza factory collapse, where “1,100 people were killed and 2,500 more were injured,” brings a human face to the abstract numbers about factory conditions. This real-world example strengthens the author’s call for structural reforms. However, while the author argues that “legislation emulating the Bangladesh Fire & Safety Accord” should be implemented globally, they gloss over the political and economic challenges of enforcing such agreements across various countries. I learned a great deal about the human rights violations within the fast fashion industry, but I am left wondering how realistic these proposed solutions are, especially given the complex relationship between developed and developing countries in global trade.

    In terms of rhetorical effectiveness, the author maintains a formal, factual tone, which enhances credibility. They are likely writing for an audience already somewhat familiar with fast fashion’s negative effects. The genre is an informational piece with persuasive elements and it helps convey the urgency of the issue, but the lack of exploration into consumer responsibility and practical enforcement makes the solution feel complicated.

  2. Nathan

    Wellington, Elizabeth. “Race-Based Hate Is out There, but It’s inside of Us Too. Here Is How to Disrupt the Pattern | Elizabeth Wellington.” https://Www.inquirer.com, 25 Apr. 2021, http://www.inquirer.com/philly-tips/normalizing-hate-racism-20210405.html.

    The article addresses the alarming rise in hate crimes, particularly against Asian American Pacific Islanders (AAPI), and explores how societal normalization of hate contributes to violence. Experts like Brian Levin from the Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism link this increase to the combined effects of economic hardship, isolation, and rising gun sales, which have fueled anger and scapegoating. Edwin Mayorga and James Kyung-Jin Lee argue that centering the white experience as the default American narrative perpetuates “othering,” which marginalizes groups and enforces harmful stereotypes, such as the “model minority” myth in the Asian community. These stereotypes, whether positive or negative, erode humanity and foster hate. The article encourages readers to reflect on their own biases, as even well-intentioned actions—like resource hoarding—can reinforce racial inequity. Experts like Malika Rahman and Mamta Accapadi emphasize the need to recognize others’ experiences and challenge ingrained beliefs, while Tricia Brouk calls for awareness of how our words and actions can either perpetuate or dismantle hate. Ultimately, the piece urges individual responsibility in recognizing and disrupting hate before it escalates into violence.

    The article brings important points to light regarding the normalization of hate, but it sometimes takes too long to develop its core arguments, which can detract from its urgency. For instance, the comparison of hate to a virus—while powerful—feels overly drawn out, when the real focus should be on actionable steps to combat it. The sentence, “Hate is like a virus that is just as indiscriminate and as deadly as COVID-19,” is a strong metaphor, but the following paragraphs stretch this comparison too far, making it feel repetitive. Instead, the article would benefit from a sharper focus on immediate, tangible actions people can take to interrupt hate in their everyday lives. While I agree with the author’s emphasis on individual responsibility and the need for self-reflection, it sometimes feels as though the piece could have made these points more efficiently.

    That said, I did learn a great deal from the discussion of how “othering” normalizes hate. The section about how centering the white experience as the default American narrative contributes to racial inequity was especially enlightening. When Edwin Mayorga says, “Othering gives us structural norms and anyone who fits outside of those norms are targets of the culture of violence,” it helped me see how deeply embedded these ideas are in our society. However, I still have questions about how we can disrupt these norms on a broader scale—especially in institutions that have long upheld them. The author’s credentials and the choice of quotes from experts like Brian Levin and James Kyung-Jin Lee add credibility to the discussion, but I found the article’s genre—a mix of opinion and research—sometimes blurred the lines between emotional appeal and factual analysis. While the writing was engaging, I wonder if a more structured, data-driven format could have been more persuasive in getting readers to take concrete action against hate.

    One quote that really exemplifies the document’s claims is: “It’s the small things that we think and do every day that are destructive and get us to this place.” This quote, from Brian Levin, encapsulates the article’s main argument that hate doesn’t manifest overnight but is instead built up over time through seemingly small actions and thoughts that contribute to larger issues of violence and discrimination. It’s a critical reminder that everyday behaviors, whether intentional or not, have long-term consequences when it comes to perpetuating or dismantling hate. This quote highlights the importance of individual responsibility in stopping hate at its roots.

  3. jessica

    Mazzio, Jena. “How the U.S. Compares to Other Countries in Terms of Caring for Homeless Animals.” One Green Planet, One Green Planet, 6 Nov. 2014, http://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/how-the-u-s-compares-to-other-countries-in-terms-of-caring-for-homeless-animals/. 

    PART 2: In this article the author Mazzio addresses the differences in animal welfare. She notes the positives the US brings to the animals in which are considered “pets” like cats and dogs, explaining that Americans spend over $60 billion on their pets for care. Yet Mazzio also points out that in the USA there are also around 70 million strays,  in which  majority do not make it into animal shelters and half of those who do end up being euthanized because of the lack of financial support in shelters. 

    She then explains how other parts of the world like  Netherlands , Costa rica, Australia adopt certain laws to protect these stray animals , controlling there stray animals . For instance, Costa rica outlawed euthanasia for the animals and enforced/relied on high volume which allowed there to be low costs for spay and neuter and control the amount of unwanted pets.The rest of the countries imply “no kill” movements like G2Z (get to zero) she supports this movement and open shelters with vet clinics to continue enforcing spays and nurturing, “Developed by the Animal Welfare League of Queensland, G2Z shares goals with the No-Kill movement and consists of four components: a community vet clinic to Support and promote spay/neuter services for owned pets; community education, legislation and Support”. With this the author emphasizes the main components in which will manage the killing of innocent animals .Overall the author lets us know that although there is a movements like this in the US and in addition the rates of euthanasia has been declining there should be more laws like other countries have enforced to further protect pets and decline stray pets.

    PART 3: I felt like the author did not include enough information like other points where there are high rates of stay animals, this is because I know there are high rates of strays dogs in the south due to economic factors, poverty leads them to abandoning their pets and these pets cannot just simply get free spays or neuter causing a uncontrolled breeding ones they are strays. Other countries like India are also known for their high rates of stray dogs due to their environment and the lack of animal healthcare.

    I would want to ask the author to go in a bit further as to why the US has not been able or does not adopt these measures/laws to improve the quality for stray animals . Overall the style in which the author wrote in was very straightforward and to the point. I think this makes it easier for the readers to understand her point and her feelings towards the situation of strays . Her tone is in a way serious since she is an activist for a better ‘Greener’ life. 

    PART  4: “as UkraineGreeceEgypt and Romania, stray animals are eliminated by any means possible and barbaric methods including beating, poisoning and hanging are oftentimes used, and are even encouraged, as effective ways to cull stray populations of cats and dogs” , this detail really shows that because of factors like economic stability in homes, environment, and or not enough laws for these animals, the way in which countries try to control these rates of strays is by brutally taking them out 

  4. joey

    Beaubrun, May Chriseline. “Understanding the Needs of Black Families of Children with Autism.” Association for Science in Autism Treatment, 1 Nov. 2022, asatonline.org/research-treatment/clinical-corner/meet-the-needs-of-black-families/

    Beaubrun, in this article, talks about the challenges that face black families of children with autism, as well as potential solutions to combat those challenges. She states that, compared to their white counterparts, it takes way longer for black children to get an autism diagnosis–because of this, it results in a delay in skills and increased development of challenging behaviors that become difficult to rectify in later years. Data estimates that around 47% of Black autistic children have an intellectual disability, compared to the 27% of white children who face the same thing; more likely than not, delays in autism diagnosis may be a contributing factor in high rates of intellectual disability in the US. Beaubrun also brings up many great points about lack of adequate professional treatment by healthcare professionals which plays into late diagnosis of autism, as well as poverty and lack of educational programs about autism for black parents in the community. Overall, her article goes to show that autism in black families is not taken as seriously as autism in white families to the point that it leads to maltreatment of the families seeking help.

    I think this article is extremely informational and helpful for black autistic communities. It highlights the struggles that they go through when it comes to being informed, getting treatment and even getting taken seriously by providers and professionals. Reading this made sense and she has a good point, but I feel like Beaubrun could’ve expanded more on how poverty affects being able to sufficiently inform yourself on autism. I feel like that plays a big role in how much information can be found by some families, beyond health resources but more so community resources that could tell first-hand experiences as well as what to do and not to do. She states “Poverty which disproportionately affects Black families in the U.S, is associated with worse cognitive outcomes (Constantino, 2020). However, there are no links between the autistic children’s intelligence quotient (IQ) and their family’s income or parents’ education, meaning the increased prevalence of intellectual disability among Black autistic children cannot be attributed to poverty (Sohn, 2020).” and that’s all she says about poverty, but much more can be said outside of how poverty. I also don’t agree with this point, increased prevalence of intellectual disability among black autistic children can definitely be attributed to poverty–there are many times where a parent or both parents are insufficiently educated or do not make enough (don’t have health insurance) to consider diagnosis or find places of information to help better care for their autistic child. This can lead to, as mentioned earlier in her article, intellectual disability in black autistic children because the parents do not have the money nor the resources to know how to properly cater to the needs of their child.

    I feel as though Beaubrun had good, maybe even great intentions writing this article. It’s written to inform and is associated with the Association for Science in Autism Treatment–she knows most of what she’s talking about at the least. What she says and how she says it is very professional, and she herself is a Board-Certified Behavior Analyst which says she’s definitely credible when it comes to this subject. In the same vein, though, I only feel as though she was wrong about what she stated regarding poverty and how it affects intellectual disability in black autistic children. Overall, she has good intentions and gets her points across very well, however I think there is definitely room for improvement.

    -“Addressing the issues in the timing of diagnosis and the quality and quantity of treatment may help resolve disproportionately of Black children who have a diagnosis of autism and have an intellectual disability.”

  5. Renee a

    NIH News in Health. “The Power of Pets.” National Institutes of Health, February 2018. https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2018/02/power-pets.

    In “The Power of Pets,” the National Institutes of Health discusses the health benefits of having a pet. Research shows that owning a pet can lead to better physical health by lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Pets also reduce feelings of loneliness, stress, and anxiety. The article explains how interacting with animals can improve mental health by helping people cope with challenges such as depression, chronic illness, and social isolation. Pets are not just companions but also provide emotional support to help people feel less alone and more connected to the world around them.

    The article presents clear and helpful information about the benefits of pet ownership, and I found the evidence from studies about lower blood pressure and stress reduction particularly compelling. The author focuses on scientific research to back up these claims, making the article feel reliable and credible. The use of data, like the findings that pet owners have better cardiovascular health, strengthens the argument and makes it easy to trust the information provided.

    If I could give any feedback to the author, it would be to include more personal stories or testimonies from pet owners who have experienced this effect. This could make the article more engaging, especially for readers who already have pets and understand the emotional bond firsthand. However, the scientific data is informative and factual, the addition of personal experiences could give the article a more balanced and all-around perspective on how pets improve both mental and physical well-being.

    I believe this article is effective for its intended audience, who are pet owners interested in their well-being. The article’s purpose is to inform and educate about the health benefits of pets, and the formal tone and evidence based research to reflect that. The facts presented are convincing enough to persuade readers about the positive effects of owning a pet.

    “Studies show that pets can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and even improve heart health.”

  6. Al

    PART 1: Citation.

    PART 2: Summary.

    • In this article, Pratt talks about bipolar disorder, a type of mood disorder, and the differences between the brains of people with bipolar disorder and those of people without the condition. Pratt starts by defining bipolar disorder as a mental health condition that can cause extreme changes in mood and describing potential effects: extreme mood shifts, changes in thinking, hallucinations, and affected concentration, energy, and decision making. Former names for bipolar disorder include manic-depressive illness and manic depression, which encapsulate how BPD causes episodes of high elation and low depression that can last for weeks. Experts believe that BPD is associated with the smaller size of certain regions of the brain and with changes in the brain’s chemicals and can generally affect all regions of the brain, both structurally and functionally. However,  it is still unclear whether changes to the brain cause bipolar disorder or result from the condition. 
    • Among the possible affected regions, there are three notable regions: The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for control, impulsivity, and attention; the hippocampus, which plays a roll in memory and emotion; and gray matter, which processes information and plays a significant role in movement, emotions, and memory. As stated previously, BPD affects the brain’s chemical balance, primarily in three key neurotransmitters which are ‘brain chemicals’ that help deliver messages between areas of the brain: Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. There is no cure for BPD and it is unclear whether changes in the brain occur due to because of BPD, but there are treatments that have a ‘normalizing effect on the brain’.

    PART 3: Analysis.

    • In this article, Pratt simplifies the complex topic of BPD and its effects into an article digestible by those without background in neurology. I find that Pratt did a very comprehensive job explaining what BPD is, the effects, and going into detail about how different parts of the brain are affected. The examples given are all supported with scientific research, adding to the validity of the article. A few examples of these thorough examples would be the sections on hippocampus shrinkage, gray matter reduction, symptoms of high levels of norepinephrine, and the symptoms of low levels of serotonin. 
    • However, I do have a few questions. Firstly, Pratt listed dopamine under the list of affected neurotransmitters but did not elaborate further, simply stopping after explaining norepinephrine and serotonin. Was this intentional? I do not know. Another example of Pratt introducing an idea and not going through with explaining it is in the section about the prefrontal cortex, which Pratt once again mentions but does not elaborate on or back up with evidence.

    PART 4: Quotables.

    • “Bipolar disorder affects multiple structures in the brain, as well as how the organ functions. Experts believe that bipolar disorder is associated with the smaller size of certain regions of the brain and with changes in the brain’s chemicals. It can also cause changes in thinking and hallucinations.”
    • “In some cases, it is unknown whether changes to the brain cause bipolar disorder or result from the condition.”A 2016 meta-analysis found a significantly lower volume of gray matter in the brains of people with bipolar disorder compared with those of people without the condition. This was also true for people with major depressive disorder. These reductions in gray matter happened in areas of the brain associated with mood regulation, information processing, and awareness of bodily states. In a 2021 study, researchers did not find consistent differences in brain volume between people with or without bipolar disorder.” Results are sometimes unclear/cannot be replicated.
    • “… MRI scans and found that certain parts of the hippocampus were smaller in people with bipolar disorder than in those in the other two groups. They noted that these size reductions in areas of the hippocampus were most distinct in people who had bipolar I disorder, which typically entails periods of extreme mania.” Results vary slightly depending on specifics, but overall in line with expectations.

    12 minutes over, sorry.

  7. Yoselin

    Article 1 – Movie source : The Great Gatsby and the movie Under the Same Moon  The American Dream. Reality & Expectations. What is The American Dream you ask me? Well, I will figure it out with you. Throughout time & history and even today it is an outgoing world-wide issue. More since the upcoming elections in November during my birthday week. I am stuck in between. I grew up with Mexican Heritage immigration parents who migrated to give me and my sisters this concept “The American Dream” like the movie The Great Gatsby and the movie Under the Same Moon  

     

    Article 2- Bible Verse

    Part 2 :As I always tell myself, “Cast thy burden upon the Lord, and he shall sustain thee: he shall never suffer the righteous to be moved.” – Psalm 55:22. Psalm 55:22 is a Bible verse that advises people to trust in the Lord and give their burdens to God. I live by this quote because tomorrow is not always promised and just now realized. Now look here I am authoring this story.   

    Article 3 The New York Post

    Part 3- a major Newspaper in New York that is embarks on events throughout the past & present major and popular situations, For example with one recent one revolving about current elections. Trumps works fry cooker at Mcdonalds – and MAGA….” 

    Article 4 : Univison

    Part 4-From my experience living in a stereotypical “Mexican Household.” My mom all mornings we watch Mexican new one major one will be Univison. One news source that caught my attention will be “Univison News interviews Former Presidents Donald  Trump” . This caught my attention about one specific answer answer that I completely agree with…. 

     

  8. Nigel

    Smith, Ben. How TikTok Reads Your Mind (December 5, 2021) How TikTok Reads Your Mind – The New York Times

    PART 2: TikTok’s algorithm uses a variety of data points to recommend content to its users. When you first sign up, you provide some basic demographic information, such as your age & location. As you interact with the app watching videos, liking, commenting, & sharing, TikTok collects data on your preferences & behaviors. This data helps the algorithm predict what kind of content you might enjoy & populates your “For You” page with videos that match your interests. The algorithm also considers the content of the videos themselves, using visual Al to analyze objects, faces, & emotions in the videos. This helps TikTok understand the context & themes of the videos, further refining its recommendations. It designs to keep users engaged & entertained; it also raises concerns about privacy & the potential for creating echo chambers where users only see content that aligns with their existing preferences.

    PART 3: TikTok is an impressive feat of technology, showcasing the power of Al to personalize user experiences. it keeps users engaged with content that feels tailormade for them. it raises significant privacy concerns. The depth of data collection & the subtlety with which TikTok predicts user behavior can feel invasive. Users might not fully understand the extent of surveillance they’re under, leading to a sense of discomfort once they realize how much the platform knows about them. The article uses logos & pathos to convey the points. The logical appeal is evident in the detailed explanation of the algorithm’s mechanics how it collects & processes user data to serve personalized content. The emotional appeal is employed through scenarios that highlights the privacy implications & potential invasiveness of such a powerful algorithm.

    PART 4: The New York Times article concludes that while TikTok’s algorithm offers a fascinating glimpse into the app’s mathematical core and its understanding of human behavior, it also raises important questions about privacy and the potential for creating echo chambers. The detailed breakdown of the algorithm reveals how it uses user data to keep people engaged, but it also highlights the need for greater transparency and ethical considerations in the use of such powerful technology.

  9. Dominick

    Social media’s growing impact on our lives .By Summer Allen Date created: September 20, 2019. Social media’s growing impact on our lives

    Part 2: This text mainly discusses mostly negatives of social media, especially for teens. It discusses how it negatively affects different age groups but it mostly impacts them in ways like cyberbullying, friendships/relationships, etc. The text states “One particularly pernicious concern is whether time spent on social media sites is eating away at face-to-face time, a phenomenon known as social displacement .” This shows that since people are on social media so much, they don’t speak to people face to face anymore and if they do, some people don’t even know how to communicate with others anymore because they aren’t used to it anymore.  For teenagers social media has risks and opportunities, they can network, create content, and many more and they can also face cyberbullying or be exposed to inappropriate content. The text emphasizes the complexity of social media’s effects on psychological health, which is determined based on personal traits, platform usage patterns, and larger societal variables. Kids who experience strict parenting and can’t go outside that often may use social media to make up for that lost time spent in person which reduces their real-world connections.

    Part 3: I agree with everything the author says about social media’s effects. The negative and positive effects are endless. The author has studied this topic very well and thoroughly discusses how the media has its ups and downs. If I can say anything to this author, thank you for providing such a good source to get my research and answers to my questions from. I think the author has a good point and was able to be straightforward about this topic. I think this author sounds good and is on base because a lot of what they are saying makes sense and is relatable, I agree with a lot of what the author is saying. Throughout reading this whole text, I learned that social media affects you in whatever way you let it. To be more specific you can be somebody who uses social media to scroll and be the consumer who allows what they see to get stuck in your brain and negatively affect you, or you can be a producer and use social media to be creative and network, (Using it for a positive cause). 

    “ No matter what the technology is,” says Hall, there is always a “cultural belief that it’s replacing face-to-face time with our close friends and family.” This shows us that all types of technology limit people from face-to-face interaction.  

    Article 2 “Asked how social media affects well-being, Nicole Ellison, PhD, professor of information at the University of Michigan says, “It’s such a complicated beast.” The question is complicated in part because there are so many different variables at play, including individual characteristics such as whether a person has high or low self-esteem and whether they are prone to depression, the strength of their offline social support networks, and how they engage with social media.”   This shows that the way people act is not strictly because of social media.

    Article 2 “I think they really depend upon who the user is, how they use it, and their particular demographics,” This shows that social media only has the effect that you let it. Some people let social media affect them positively and others let it affect them negatively.

    The author has a good style of writing is very specific and uses a lot of details.

    ‘’In one study, participants kept a daily log of time spent doing 19 different activities during weeks when they were and were not asked to abstain from using social media. In the weeks when people abstained from social media, they spent more time browsing the internet, working, cleaning, and doing household chores.’’

      

    “When it comes to teens, a recent study by Jean Twenge, PhD, professor of psychology at San Diego State University, and colleagues found that, as a cohort, high school seniors heading to college in 2016 spent an “ hour less a day engaging in in-person social interaction” — such as going to parties, movies, or riding in cars together — compared with high school seniors in the late 1980s.”

  10. Elijah

    Part One –

    “Factors Influencing Voting Decision: A Comprehensive Literature Review”, by Waiphot Kulachai , August 22 , 2023. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/9/469

    Part Two

    In the beginning text Waiphot emphasizes to readers how important and how big of a role voting can have by stating “Voting decisions are at the heart of democratic societies”. He even goes on to say they determine the policies that govern our lives. Immediately he grasps readers into the text and goes on to support his thesis statement throughout the text by breaking down the factors that plays a role in voting behaviors. The opening factor he introduces is Income. Waiphot “states Higher-income individuals tend to be more politically engaged and more likely to vote compared to those with lower incomes”. He goes on to support this by stating that a study conducted by Harvard University shows a positive relationship between income and voter turnout in the Untied States. Adding on individuals with a higher income tend to lean towards conservative candidates. This information given by Waiphot can can support that a vote by someone with an high income can be due to the prioritization of the economy such as business, investments, and market growth. On the opposite side of income level, lower earning individuals according to Waiphot leans towards left leaning parties promoting economic equality and social welfare programs. Waiphot then introduces another factor that may be on the emotional based side of voting in which is gender. He starts off by stating that “women tend to be more likely to support left-leaning parties or candidates compared to men” according to the British Journal of political science. He goes on to say that women’s political views and behaviors are likely influenced by experiences, including “societal expectations, gender roles, and experiences of discrimination”. On the other hand men prioritizes economic growth, national security, and traditional values. Waiphot goes on to bring up many other factors in the text and both each of them can be looked at as an emotional vote or rational evaluation .

    Part 3

    Waiphot throughout the text states almost all the different factors that plays a part into someone siding with a candidate to vote and backs it up with research and data. He dives into each of these factors deeply to explain to the readers how this can sway a person to make a decision based off things like age, income, gender, values, education and so much more in which he makes relevant. Waiphot did a great job because many people may not know but gaining a vote requires the persuasion of so many different audiences. One thing I learned while reading the text that people with different religious beliefs may be swayed to vote for one candidate than the other, and the reason this is new information to me is because I wasn’t sure that people who are deep within their religion supported the idea of being led or governed by an idolized politician. But as I continued to read the source Waiphot states that a religious persons beliefs may be a factor into swaying their vote based on their view on abortion, same-sex marriage, or religious freedom. He supports this by saying “conservative Protestant Christians may be more likely to support conservative candidates, while liberal Protestants or members of other religious traditions may lean towards progressive or left-leaning candidates.”

     Part 4

    Towards the end of the text Waiphot states the following “While this review offers valuable insights, it also highlights the need for further research in specific areas, such as the impact of emerging technologies on voter decision making”. This quote states the need to do a deep dive to a new additional factor of voting decisions in which is the continuous improvement of technology. I couldn’t agree more with Waiphot because new apps like tik Tok or even older apps like twitter follow an algorithm that is different for all users. This practice can limit viewers to information and may boost the likes of one political party than the other which can play an huge role in swaying a vote that may lack knowledge.

  11. Elijah

    Part One –

    “Factors Influencing Voting Decision: A Comprehensive Literature Review”, by Waiphot Kulachai , August 22 , 2023. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/12/9/469

    Part Two

    In the beginning text Waiphot emphasizes to readers how important and how big of a role voting can have by stating “Voting decisions are at the heart of democratic societies”. He even goes on to say they determine the policies that govern our lives. Immediately he grasps readers into the text and goes on to support his thesis statement throughout the text by breaking down the factors that plays a role in voting behaviors. The opening factor he introduces is Income. Waiphot “states Higher-income individuals tend to be more politically engaged and more likely to vote compared to those with lower incomes”. He goes on to support this by stating that a study conducted by Harvard University shows a positive relationship between income and voter turnout in the Untied States. Adding on individuals with a higher income tend to lean towards conservative candidates. This information given by Waiphot can can support that a vote by someone with an high income can be due to the prioritization of the economy such as business, investments, and market growth. On the opposite side of income level, lower earning individuals according to Waiphot leans towards left leaning parties promoting economic equality and social welfare programs. Waiphot then introduces another factor that may be on the emotional based side of voting in which is gender. He starts off by stating that “women tend to be more likely to support left-leaning parties or candidates compared to men” according to the British Journal of political science. He goes on to say that women’s political views and behaviors are likely influenced by experiences, including “societal expectations, gender roles, and experiences of discrimination”. On the other hand men prioritizes economic growth, national security, and traditional values. Waiphot goes on to bring up many other factors in the text and both each of them can be looked at as an emotional vote or rational evaluation .

    Part 3

    Waiphot throughout the text states almost all the different factors that plays a part into someone siding with a candidate to vote and backs it up with research and data. He dives into each of these factors deeply to explain to the readers how this can sway a person to make a decision based off things like age, income, gender, values, education and so much more in which he makes relevant. Waiphot did a great job because many people may not know but gaining a vote requires the persuasion of so many different audiences.

    One thing I learned while reading the text that people with different religious beliefs may be swayed to vote for one candidate than the other, and the reason this is new information to me is because I wasn’t sure that people who are deep within their religion supported the idea of being led or governed by an idolized politician. But as I continued to read the source Waiphot states that a religious persons beliefs may be a factor into swaying their vote based on their view on abortion, same-sex marriage, or religious freedom. He supports this by saying “conservative Protestant Christians may be more likely to support conservative candidates, while liberal Protestants or members of other religious traditions may lean towards progressive or left-leaning candidates.”

     Part 4

    Towards the end of the text Waiphot states the following “While this review offers valuable insights, it also highlights the need for further research in specific areas, such as the impact of emerging technologies on voter decision making”. This quote states the need to do a deep dive to a new additional factor of voting decisions in which is the continuous improvement of technology. I couldn’t agree more with Waiphot because new apps like tik Tok or even older apps like twitter follow an algorithm that is different for all users. This practice can limit viewers to information and may boost the likes of one political party than the other which can play an huge role in swaying a vote that may lack knowledge.

  12. adrianf

    Katella, Kathy. “How Social Media Affects Your Teen’s Mental Health: A Parent’s Guide.” Yale Medicine, Yale Medicine, 17 June 2024, http://www.yalemedicine.org/news/social-media-teen-mental-health-a-parents-guide.

    This article from Yale Medicine discusses how social media impacts teen mental health, highlighting both potential benefits and risks. Experts believe that while social media can have positive connections and self-expression, excessive use and exposure to Social Media can increase risks of depression, anxiety, and sleep issues. This article references recent studies and advisories, including from Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD, MBA, which show that young people’s developing brains are especially vulnerable to these influences. The article offers various methods for parents on setting boundaries around open communication social media use. Linda Mayes, MD, chair of the Yale Child Study Center (YCSC) states that “The issues we face now with social media are similar to those we faced when television came out.” there’s pro and cons to these things but she tries to figure out how parents can deter the negative outcomes and only extract the positive things from Social Media.

    In reading this article, I was surprised at how well balanced it was. The positive and negative outcomes were both explained perfectly and in ways that I haven’t thought of. A 2022 survey from Pew Research Center of American teenagers and parents show that the majority of respondents feel that social media help them feel more accepted (58%), feel like they have people to support them through tough times (67%), a safe place to show their creative side (71%), and feel more connected on what’s going on in their friends lives (80%). “Posting to let your friends know how you’ve been spending your time can be a positive or healthy way to connect and hear about each other’s day,” says Dr. Poncin. I’ve never thought of these points and I’m glad that I’m reading this article as it broadens my thinking about the many ways that social media can positively affect teens’ mental health. “According to a research study of American teens ages 12-15, those who used social media over three hours each day faced twice the risk of having negative mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety symptoms.” I didn’t realize three hours everyday on social media can affect your mental health that much. This article has many good key points and I really can’t find any key points that are bad. The author provided many quotes and credible researchers so the information is valid. It includes people like Linda Mayes and Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, MD, MBA, which provides scientific high credibility for concerned parents. The audience catered toward this article are concerned parents looking out for their teenagers and I believe it perfectly helps them. It outlines five great rules that concerned parents can follow to ensure that their child has a positive experience on social media.

  13. Ernesto

    @surgeonbergin

    Replying to @Dalton Football can cause chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in young athletes. #CTE #braininjury #concussion #football #contactsports #hockey #wrestling #rugby #soccer #youthfootball #chronictraumaticencephalopathy

    ♬ Paris – 3Hzwave

    2.This creator starts off by immediately giving the information needed and tells us the not only the neurological effects but also the physical impacts that it has on the brain. He gives the audience picture evidence of the difference between the brain of a regular person and one of a person that competed in contact sports, which serves a good visual for people trying to understand how exactly the brain is not only effected in it’s content but also how it’s physical effected.

    3.I believe the publisher did an effective job explaining what exact regions are impacted in the brain from constant head trauma. He informs us of how exactly the regions are affected and what tends to change in these parts of the brain. It wasn’t a long video but he mentions how athletes tend to develop this early and helmets won’t be the answer to avoiding it. I would get quotes but it’s from a video.

  14. Malik Olalekan

    Part 1

          Shanmugasundaram Mathura, and Arunkumar Tamilarasu. “The impact of digital technology, social media, and artificial intelligence on Cognitive Functions: A Review.” Frontiers in Cognition, vol. 2, 24 Nov. 2023,

    Part 2

    the writers elaborated on the impact of digital technology, social media and artificial intelligence on cognitive functions of students in school, in recent years, the proliferation of digital tools, such as smartphones, social media platforms, and artificial intelligence technologies, has ushered in a significant paradigm shift in our interaction with information. These tools have undeniably enriched our lives by offering unparalleled convenience, connectivity, speed, and efficiency. The writers talked about another mental challenge derived from overuse of technology, digital dementia is a term used to describe the decline in cognitive abilities caused by excessive use of digital technology. Studies have shown that digital dementia can lead to a range of cognitive impairments, including memory loss, attention deficit, reduced ability to communicate, and impaired decision-making abilities

    Part 3

        In this article, the writers deeply explained the social, mental and physical effects of  digital technology, social media, and artificial intelligence on the rain and how it functions.as quoted in the article, “digital dementia is a term used to describe the decline in cognitive abilities caused by excessive use of digital technology”, students rely on so much on digital and technology which is one of the primary causes of digital dementia, most students depend on technology like calculators for easy linear problems, spellings of simple words and other easy tasks given in school. Some other problems that come along with digital dementia are having difficulty recalling short term things, having difficulty recalling words and inability to multitask. These are important challenges one does not want to encounter in their young age or as a student, reduction in time spent on television, social media and other technology platforms can be a healthy way of preventing digital dementia.

       The writers, Shanmugasundaram Mathura and Arunkumar Tamilarasu did not fail to acknowledge the importance derived from technology and social media, quoting from the article “ artificial intelligence (AI) tools have automated numerous processes, streamlined workflows and enhanced productivity”, Artificial intelligence and technology has revolutionized our present education, teachers and student can easily generate visual or audio presentation of topics that is being learnt, students can watch numerous YouTube videos on how to solve a problem, easy and quicker tools for research and learning. 

         Addiction to technology and social media has had a lot of impact in performance of students and youths, addiction can cause changes to the mental and cognitive function of someone, as a young person the brain and mind should be the most efficient, new ideas and inspiration should flow in every day but the addiction to technology has led to distraction and procrastinations. As quoted from the article, “Internet addiction has been associated with reduced attention span and working memory as well as impaired decision-making, specifically in the area of risk assessment”, how are schools supposed to function if students cannot give undivided attention?

    Part 4

    One quote from the author that I feel really exemplifies the document’s claims or interpretations is “Digital technology has vastly influenced the cognitive process of decision making, affecting how we gather, process, and evaluate information to make choices”.

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