Final

1. Table of Contents

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   New urban sociology

• How did they criticize Chicago School?
• Background in France
• Henri Lefebvre
• Colonized Everyday life
• Capital continued to exploit and alienate not only at the work-place, but also everyday life, reproduction and leisure.
• Colonized by commodity 

2. Urban poverty

• Urban riots in the 1960s
• Globalization and post-Fordist city
  • Globalization and global economy in the 1970s.
    • The duality to the global economy:

• Global cities as financial centers
• Urban ghetto & hyperghetto
• Sociological approaches
  • Cultural explanations (Culture of poverty)

• • • Oscar Lewis
    • Daniel Patrick Moynihan: a tangle of pathology
    • Why is this approach problematic?

• Government welfare policy or welfare dependency theory

• • • Welfare disincentives?
    • Charles Murray

• The social and economic approach (William Julius Wilson)

• • • What happened in the 70s?
    • Why? – think about the economic restructuring and job loss.
    • What is this change problematic in ghettos?
    • Ghettos and underclass

• Residential segregation

• • • Race VS. Class
      • Race over class or class over race?

• Massey and Denton: Residential segregation

• Urban poverty – eviction
  • Remind yourself of Desmond’s book Evicted

3. Gentrification

• Ruth Glass’s definition of gentrification
• But you must think about the structural changes like reinvestment of capital and transformation of built forms.
• Actors in gentrification
  • Gentrifiers
  • The role of cultural actors (Ley 2003)
  • The role of investors and real estate agents
  • The State
• Factors

• • Individual level
    • A form of homeownership
    • New middle class emerged
    • Yuppie consumption habits
  • Economic restructuring
    • The recentralization of corporate investment in .
    • Resurgence of investment in American cities by major lending institutions.
    • The office construction for producer services.

• Theoretical approaches
  • Waves of gentrification
    • First-wave gentrification: sporadic and state-led
    • Second-wave gentrification: expansion and resistance
    • Third-wave gentrification: recessional pause and subsequent expansion
  • Mega-gentrification and displacement (Lee and Shin)
  • Displacement

• • • Direct displacement
    • Indirect displacement?

4. Urban branding

• Background information

• • What happened in the 1960s?
    • Urban lifestyle
    • Power of marketing and media
    • Neoliberal turn: From Fordist system to post-Fordist system

• How to overcome this change?

• Urban growth machines
• Public-private partnership (like Downtown Brooklyn Partnership)
• New cultural strategies – media, marketing and tourism
• From boosterism to branding

• New York City
  • The fiscal crisis
  • Financial and Urban Crisis of the 1970s + transformation to post-industrial cities.

5.The right to the city

• See Lefebvre and Harvey