For this project, I wrote an instruction manual for building an Android app.
Author: MD Jahirul Hasan
MD Jahirul Hasan’s Expanded Definition of Cloud Computing
TO: Prof. Jason Ellis
FROM: MD Jahirul Hasan
DATE: 03/26/2021
SUBJECT: Expanded Definition of Cloud Computing
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to discuss the history of a term for those who are studying computer system technology. The term that I am defining is “Cloud Computing”. While the majority of the people are running after the short-term technological advancement and networking policy, I want to take a different approach to redefine the concept of cloud computing where the user’s privacy and security concerns play a vital role in the development of a sustainable cloud computing. In this document, I am going to discuss the definitions of the term and discuss the contextual use of the term. At the end of this document, I am going to provide a working definition of the term that is relevant to the people who are studying computer system technology.
Definition
The Oxford English Dictionary defines cloud computing as “the use of networked facilities for the storage and processing of data rather than a user’s local computer, access to data or services typically being via the internet.” Cloud computing is the distribution of on-demand computing resources over the internet and on a pay as you go basis, ranging from software to storage and processing power. Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active control by the user. In other words, cloud computing is the use of network facilities for the storage and processing of data rather than a user’s local computer, access to data or services. Cloud computing is on-demand access, via the internet, to computing resources applications, servers, data storage, development tools, networking capabilities, and more hosted at a remote data center managed by a cloud services provider (or CSP). The CSP makes these resources available for a monthly subscription fee or bills them according to usage. The term “cloud computing” also refers to the infrastructure that enables cloud computing to function. This includes virtualized IT infrastructure, which consists of servers, operating system software, networking, and other infrastructure that has been abstracted using special software and can be pooled and divided across physical hardware boundaries.
Context
According to this journal article “Secure Integration of IOT and Cloud Computing”, “Cloud infrastructure involves the hardware and software components required for proper implementation of a cloud computing model. Cloud computing can also be thought of as utility computing, or on-demand computing” (Stergiou et al., 2018, p. 964). The authors tries to make it clear to the people that Companies can rent access to anything from applications to storage from a cloud service provider rather than owning their own computer resources or data centers. One advantage of cloud computing is that companies can escape the upfront costs and complexities of owning and managing their own IT infrastructure by paying only for what they need, when they use it. Mobile Cloud Computing is a relatively modern technology that refers to an infrastructure that stores and processes data outside of the mobile device. The Internet of Things is a relatively new technology. Another article “cloud computing acceptance among public sector employees” stated that “However, in today’s rapidly changing technology, with the transition to the industrial revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) environment, it has opened a new dimension to the world computing. The emergence of cloud computing technology as a new platform for computing has opened the eyes of technology industry players to further benefit from this innovation. Many studies have proven that this technology provides many benefits to the industry and users such as its ability to reduce operating costs, improve collaboration, more secure security levels and more mobile accessibility” (Amron et al., 2021, p.124). The idea of business agility is often stated by cloud proponents as a major advantage. Companies that use cloud platforms can move faster on projects and try out ideas without having to go through lengthy procurement processes or incur large upfront costs because they only pay for the tools they use. Turning the eyes into the mobile clouding the authors states that, “Mobile Cloud Computing is a new technology which refers to an infrastructure where both data storage and data processing operate outside of the mobile device” (Stergiou et al., 2018, p. 964). The ability to spin up new services without the time and effort associated with traditional IT procurement should mean that is easier to get going with new applications faster. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a relatively new telecommunications technology that is quickly gaining popularity. The authors also stated that, “Cloud computing also cuts costs related to downtime. Since downtime rarely happens in cloud computing, companies don’t have to spend time and money to fix any issues that may be related to downtime” (Stergiou et al., 2018, p. 964).
Working Definition
Based on the definition and quotes that I discussed about the term cloud computing it is related to the major computer system technology. From my understanding, cloud computing is the delivery of various services, such as data storage, servers, database, networking and software. It also allows us to save or work on files remotely to databases and also let us recover the files whenever we need. Cloud computing is very convenient because we don’t need to worry about computer crashes anymore. It stores and can be accessed the files over the internet.
References
Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Cloud Computing. In Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from https://www-oed-com.citytech.ezproxy.cuny.edu/view/Entry/34689?redirectedFrom=cloud+computing#eid189443962
Amron, M. T., Ibrahim, R., &Bakar, N. A. (2021). Cloud Computing Acceptance Among Public Sector Employees. Telkomnika, 19(1), 124-133. https://doi.org10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v19i1.17883
Stergiou, C., Psannis, K., Kim, B., & Gupta, B. (2018). Secure integration of IoT and Cloud Computing. Future Generation Computer Systems, 78, 964–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2016.11.031
Summary of Han et al.’s “Geosocial Media as a Proxy for Security: A Review”
To: Prof. Ellis
From: MD Jahirul Hasan
Date: 03/03/2021
Subject: 500-Word Summary of Article About Security in Social Networking
The following is 500-word summary of a peer reviewed article “Geosocial Media as a Proxy for Security: A Review” by mr.Zhigang Han, Somgnian li, caihui cui, daojun han and Hongquan Song published in 2019 identifies various prominent themes in need of more research in the continuous growth of social security concern and cybercrime management. While the majority of the people are running after the short-term solution the author takes a different approach to redefine the concept of security in social networking where the user’s privacy and security concerns play a vital role in the development of a sustainable social networking and considered geosocial media as a proxy for this security. Social networking is a set of rules and configurations designed to preserve the integrity, confidentiality and usability of all software and hardware technologies for computer networks and data. To protect it from the ever-growing landscape of cyber threats in the wild today, any company, regardless of scale, sector or infrastructure, needs a degree of network security solutions in place. In other words, the author tries to make it clear to the people that Network security is the defense against hacking, misuse and unauthorized device alteration of access to files and directories on a computer network. In specific, geosocial media when paired with location information can be used as a proxy for security event detection and security situational awareness. This paper includes a synopsis of the geosocial media data and the associated processing/analysis methods used for detecting protection events and summarize the general framework of security-related analyses based on geosocial media. According to the authors, “Social media data provide rich information that reflects people’s social behavior. In the security field, various groups of terrorists and gangs have increasingly recognized the value of social media and have actively used it to plan and organize activities, recruit members, spread terrorist ideas and publish various terrorist messages to expand their influences” (Han et al., 2019, p. 154225. Considering the economical and moral elements of an equation the authors divide the security-related analysis tasks into two types: security events detection and security situational awareness and assessment. There are six types, including natural disasters, man-made disasters, violent incidents, and military events, sociopolitical events and others security events. Turning to analysis of different networking system, the author walks an extra mile to illustrate the general process of security-related analysis based on geosocial media, and identified two types of data sets: social media datasets and auxiliary analysis datasets, and discussed the corresponding data acquisition and preprocessing methods. Geosocial networks and apps, such as Facebook locations, are designed to allow their users to share their geolocated data. Among all the Personal Identifiable Information (PII), knowing the position of an individual is one of the greatest threats against his privacy. One of the most exciting prospects for geosocial media is its ubiquity around the world, including its widespread adoption by the urban poor in many developing nations. For instance, the spatio-temporal data of a person may be used to infer the location of his home and workplace, to track his movements and activities, to learn details about his center of interests or even to detect a change from his normal behavior. The articles summarized the progress of key technologies related to security events detection and assessing security situations, including natural language processing, social network analysis, location inference and geospatial analysis, and image or video understanding and visual analysis. The paper concludes with possible future directions and areas of research that could be addressed and investigated.
Reference
Han, Z., Li, S., Cui, C., Han, D., & Song H. (2019). Geosocial Media as a Proxy for Security: A Review. IEEE Access, 7, 154224-154238. https://doi-org.citytech.ezproxy.cuny.edu/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2949115
