Edison’s 1877 Phonograph
Edison’s 1892 Kinetoscope
Hansen Writing Ball
Sholes/Remington Typewriter
Trinity Test
https://nuclearsecrecy.com/nukemap/
After today’s class, write at least 250 words summarizing the reading and our in-class discussion. The important thing is to write down those things that you remember so that you’re re-exposing your mind to the ideas, but more specifically, focus on the keywords and points that we addressed during lecture. There isn’t necessarily a right or wrong answer to your after class writing. It is giving you more writing practice, it gives you an opportunity to grapple with the ideas from the reading, and it helps you remember the ideas in the long term.
Kittler’s “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” using different technology in helping with the language we are learning from as they grow. The examples he uses are films, music, phone calls, and text, which separates us from human around us. We are so focused on the technology that we have that when talking to people face to face our language becomes short and not long. We put all of our focus on technology that text and phone calls become more important than having to talk to people in person, that phone calls and text are more convents and it is short and to the point in the conversation. However, this becomes a problem because the films and writing start to get people thinking and looking at the language they use in their films help people realize that the language they use is similar and that they can connect with the films they watch which make it popular. However, in the reading, it said, “Whereupon the dead take advantage of their opportunity and, long before McLuhan, proceed to prove that the content of each medium is another medium-which is, in this concrete case, a specific professional deformation.” This part of the reading talks about McLuhan trying to prove that people see the medium in different perspectives and that there is not a right or wrong in viewing the medium. People know what they can live with or without. This all wraps up to Kittler because people look at films, media, music, phone calls and text which is changing their language because they want an easier of talking to people and texting people. They do not want to text people long paragraphs so they would use approbations to help shorten their writing, which also affects their language when they talk and write.
Friedrich Kittler lived from 1943 to 2011 and was a German scholar that personally experienced WWII Germany and the rise of nuclear threats. His piece “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” in the MIT Press detailed concerns on how the convergence of media is a concern, because of its growing influence over human agency. He describes this as the “Logic of Escalation,” which raises an alarm to the state of human and media relations.
Kittler witnessed the public’s growing reliance on media to conduct and channel discourse. Before the late 19th century discourse was intimately attached to human thought, but since the invention of the gramophone, film, and typewriter people were receiving messages very differently. Kittler was influenced by McLuhan’s ideas that these three packages of content were delivering the old content in new ways. However, technology creates a kind of feedback loop Kittler labeled “logic of escalation.” This feedback distracted people from the true message and steered towards working for the technology as opposed to the technology working for us.
While McLuhan wrote about media being an extension of humanity, Kittler differed stating “we are the subjects of gadgets and instruments of mechanical data processing.” Knowing the dangers of world war and nuclear threats, Kittler warned us of positioning ourselves for the development of technology. He established that while media has always been important as a record that is left behind after we’re gone, it is vital to remember that media affects us by determining our situation while using that media.
Friedrich Kittler’s piece “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” is yet another point of view of the feedback loop of technology with language that occurs with every individual person. The title of this piece indicates technologies which may influence the way we learn language, in terms of writing and speech. A gramophone or phonograph is an old school record player, in simplest terms. It was the first device used to record and playback audio. Film of course is moving picture, and the typewriter was the method we used before to mechanically write words on a page. Kittler uses his point of view of the Second World War to enhance his description of our feedback loop. To him, we are working for the technology, rather than technology working for us. Media shouldn’t be something we let deviate our view of the world or current events, where we act upon what media tells us is happening, instead of us influencing the world regardless of what the media is indicating to us. His concern is solidified in the present, since we still use different types of mediums to learn language, but their influence is becoming more than just learning language. It is influencing our public discourse, politics, and world view. Compared to McLuhan theories behind technology and the relationship of such with society, Kittler believes tech is not an extension to man, rather, it is something that is left behind in history along with humans. That is Kittler’s “Logic of Escalation”.
Friedrich Adolf Kittler was born in 1943 in Rochlitz in Saxony. In his piece “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” he opposed McLuhan point of view that he sees media as “extensions of man” because he thinks that later technologies such as the internet has further extended technology’s domination over us. He shows human beings reflections of their technologies has lead to the development of the internet. By him including the old ways to write and record “A gramophone or phonograph” which is an old ways to record voices and play them back but as we seen in class it was way hard to do that process and it was to be done careful; due to the fact that if you miss out a step— you would have to do it all over again. He indicates War world II in order to prove his idea, which is that it should be us who adapt the machine then the machine adopts us. He wanted to emphasize that we think that we have control over the media and technologies, which are created by us. When in fact; they would lead us to our end, using the example of the second war world and how bombs could destroy countries and so much of the world. Meaning that it would be insane of us to think that we can control technologies. Therefore, it proves how Kittler disagreed of McLuhan’s point of view that technology is the extension to man; due to the technology’s domination over us. Kittler seemed to geniusly warn us from the development of technology and how it could affect us futurely such as in wars in a sense that these kind of developments for technology would make a nuclear threat to earth due to the fact that it could destroy everything as I mentioned previously.
In Kittlers essay “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” I liked a few things he says, First of all he makes a point to say that the dead are full of wisdom and be friends with them. By saying that Kittler emphasizes the importance of what an author is saying to the reader as he or she writes. Whether Kittler is for the evolution of technology or against it doesn’t stick out vividly. Throughout Kittlers essay there are many examples of how it differs to writing with a pen and paper. I think being an old school writer Kittler doesn’t want to adapt as easily as others and that is stressing him. So he complains about it in his writings but also admires the evolution. Kittler obviously want his field to evolve and not to stay stagnant out of respect he has for his field of writing but he also understands the experiences of an author and reader will be different than what he is use to in his career.
Overall I would say he seems to welcome change. As if like lets change with the times. especially if this will get more people involved. Alot of his writing is philosophical/religious as well which was pretty interesting. Comparing the writing of Moses , Mohammed and their relationships with god through the way we understand it as readers and how that might change. I agree with Kittler on his point about the vagueness of a message according to a medium. Had there been a way to record images and sound during the conversation of the prophets and god we would never settle for less than the video recorded dialogue for proof.
I look forward to reading more of Kisslers essays.
Friedrich Kittler was a German literary scholar and a media theorist. He focused on media, technology, and the military since he witnessed WW2. Kittler wrote “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” discussing the issues of human and media relationship. He explains that the logic of explanation is outside of our control. It is believed that we are subjects of gadgets and instrument of data process and that we are subject to technology–they subject us and our identity (control our minds). Media has always been an important and integral part of discourse. He believes that all media should be equally considered when studying discourse (the network of technologies and institutions that allow a given culture to select, store, and process relevant data. Institutional power and selection). When we are gone, all that is left of us is stored in media. Media determines our situation (when we die it records and determines us and our situation) how we interact with others, do our jobs, and basically do everyday activities. As mentioned in class, we are subservient to our technology. I personally agree with this statement because nowadays the human race cannot live without utilising technology, weather it is to set an alarm for work, making a phone call, browsing the web, or calculating money. Before typewriters were considered advance technology which included your brain and effort. However now no one really utilizes the typewriter; but instead they have their laptops and cellular device which fixes any grammatical error, putting less pressure on ones brain. In a way this “dumbs down” society (less work for us and making things easier), which is why I can see the reason why Kittler believes technology “subjects us and our identity”.
In Friedrich Kittlers’ “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter,” he discussed three major concepts that include one being the discourse analysis, disagreeing with McLuhan and the use of media technologies following the logic of escalation. The optical fiber networks became one of those networks through this medium. It became a military technology to protect these data networks which became interconnected with the new work. The convergence with military technologies helped expand this escalation criterion. Kittler views media as operation almost autonomously and he continues to view our media which constructs feedback loops. It is the hard reality the Kittler believed escalation is out of our control. His reasoning is supported by the subjects of gadgets and instruments of mechanical data processor taking control of our technologies.
Kittlers’ concern with technology is that the writing and the communications are not necessarily liberating of ourselves through escalation; they take preeminence over humanity. Kittler teaches us media is an integral part of discourse. This relationship focuses primarily on the world and the disciplines debates about these things. He believes that all media should be equally considered when studying discourse; not only for their record of discourse; all that is left of us is stored in media but also media affects us because it determines our situations. While alive, media determines how we interact with others, sensationalism it may have the way you receive and send information.
The discourse network is a network of technologies and institutions that allow a giving culture to select, store and process relevant data. This is part of the discourse of institutional power and a selection. Certain media is predominant in an environment, which is part of the way culture operates. Evolution of medium is determined by the logic of escalation. Evolutionary processes technological development, but the market forces competition not necessarily human agency.
“Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” by Friedrich Kittler was written on the focus of discourse analysis. Kittler follows what is called “the logic of escalation” which is just allowing our systems to made in a way that may imply the complexity of certain aspects. He believes that as our media and technology continue to evolve it may either be a part of our history or cause the end because of what we have created. Kittler does disagree with McCLuhan’s ideologies in which McCLuahn claims that “Technology is an extension of ourselves.” Kettler shows us through his teachings that “All media is important.”
After reading , Fredrick Kittle “Gramophone Film Typewriter” I leaned toward and learned more about the feedback loop and its ability to change a message. Kittles reading speaks about the logic of escalation which challenges our human agency. Technology subjects us to its means and methods making us subjects of our technology. As humans messages we convey messages to be received in the now but also in the future. But the introduction of machines that could record the message like typewriters gave us as human the ability to not only record the message but also change the message. Like a game of telephone messages are perceived differently by different spectrums of people. Cultures of people have the ability with then and continuously now evolving media. Technology of writing even and communication is not just and extension of ourselves but and example of the logic of escalation within our humanity. From stone drawings to HD mega pixels on our had help media device is wide span of evolution leaving typewriters as a far thing in the past. As we are the ones controlling the media we have a suggestive role as a said culture as to what we put out and or receive into our discourses. Influencing not only the language and perspective but also its existence.
Friedrich Kittler’s “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter” gives an eye-opening perspective into the change in technology in the past century or so and its effect on media as a whole. Kittler’s perspective raises some interesting points on man, machine and communication. Kittler talks about Alan Turing’s essay, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”, where he proposed the Turing game and answered the question of where the line is drawn between men and computers. Turing’s experiment concludes that man and his simulation are part of the same system. Distinguishing between computer and machine is left open ended because of learning according to the experiment. This brings up interesting questions about artificial intelligence and whether it will always have the same outcome in this experiment. It also raises a question about the Turing experiment; is the experiment the best way to measure a computer’s intelligence and if not can a machine today successfully pass the test? Kittler also claims everything goes from analog to a discrete machine he describes the process of digitizing as part of the universal Turing machine. It is interesting to think about how intertwined machine and man are and how far they are to becoming truly intelligent. Learning is important for both man and machine we can get smarter to keep making machines learn more efficiently but the real challenge is getting them to stand separately and be truly intelligent. The Turing model is still used today to measure a computer’s intelligence capabilities. Computers have come along way, but they still need a lot of work until we can call them intelligent.
according to Kittler, the contents of one medium are always other media: let’s consider tv, while we can say it is a medium for the variety of popular shows we watch, the light emitted is the true medium. We use to recognize “light” as such but today ”light” has been used to bring many technologies to life that we lose sight of it true origins . It use to be appreciated as an means to an end, now we see it as a channel to it. Which leads me to another line that he wrote, “ even now, before the end, something is coming to an end”:sound to language, writing to digital, although we upgrade to new things the origin from which it came remains the same.
The general digitalization of information and channels erases the difference between individual media. Sound and image, voice and text have become mere effects on the surface, or, to put it better, the interface of the consumer. Kilter is trying to help the reader see that once information is collaborated with multiple mediums it pure message gets lost. I think what he is saying is for example: a writer tells a folklore:later he writes it: someone else makes a screenplay: then it becomes a movie, traveling from sound, print ,live then digital, the changing of the media forms distorts the original meaning and tone. Although the writer is the true medium, the way each form is presented distorts what the medium really is or may sound like.
Born in 1943 in Rochlitz, Saxony, Friedrich Kittler was a media theorist and a literary scholar. His work consists of media, technology, and military. In Kittler’s work “Gramophone, Film, Typewriter”, he indicates that media is what determines our situation. Media determine our situation because it determines what and how our discourse happens. Kittler builds his theory by referencing Marshall McLuhan’s “Mediality”. Kittler explains his theory, that all media have always been an important and integral part of discourse, and all media should be equally considered when studying discourse. Kittler explains that all that is left of us is media and that it influences the way we interact. Kittler sees media as operating almost autonomously, media is controlled by a feedback loop, which is outside human control. He calls this Logic of Escalation, the development of media through feedback loops. Kitler’s concern, unlike McLuhan, technologies of writing/communication are not necessarily liberating extensions of ourselves but instead through the logic of escalation they take preeminence over humanity. Kittler concern is that the public reliance on media to participate in discourse, unlike McLuhan, Kittler is not fond of technology being an extension to human capabilities. Instead of using technology as a tool for discourse, we are becoming distracted and reliant of technology. Kittler believes that future technology can possibly make us more efficient or more reliant, which to him is hindering to us.
The optical fiber network which has connected the people and the communication of any media. From when film, music, phone calls, texts, and many others are out in the open and it is going to be combined as a single medium. Because of the digitalization of the technology sound, image, voice, and text are the norm they are used for effects like in videos. Because of the norm of those elements, we take the sense of perception to a whole new level. Although the elements do not all have to be together to be the norm but also sometimes if the activity requires it to eliminate an element then it is still an experience. For example, silent movies do not have sound so the element of sound.
The ability to store time was the phonograph and cinematograph which to record in real time and is reproduced in real time. Other than the storage capability there can are texts and scores that stores time and it is based on writing. Grammatology that is more symbolic and that the time gets taken in and gets encoded and then gets changed into data that can be seen over and over. An endless loop that begins with the writing to make the connection between the writing and how it is translated to the images and sound. Just as how media is stored everything that we have are also encoded in the media but Kitler points out that media affects us because they determine how to react to a situation.
Friedrich Kittler was a literary scholar. Born 1943 in Germany , his works mainly relate to media, tech and the military. He received his doctorate in 1976 in philosophy. He very much disagreed with McLuhan and says that, “media technologies follow the logic of escalation”. The logic of escalation is the development of media through the feedback loops. It says that, “we are the subjects of the technology through escalation.”Technologies of writing and communication are not necessary liberating extensions of ourselves but through the logic of preeminence of technology”. It has said to be known that media has always been an important and interval part of discourse.When studying media we should look at all media. Discourse network is the network of all technologies and institutions that allow a given culture to select , store and process relevant data. The evolution of media is determined by the logic of escalation and the logic of escalation of the evolutionary process of technological progress. It says that what was left of us has been stored in media. Media also affects us because it determines our situation , as in how we get a job , where we live, how we talk to others. Kittler sees media as operating almost autonomously.
“Gramophone, Film, Typewriter,” by Friedrich Kittler contenting the influence of new media on the human. The gramophone as revolutionized human’s senses. It involves how we produce films by moving different kinds of pictures, how we refine our information based on the media. Kittler is saying that all media are important. All media should be equally considered when studying this test, not only for the record of this test. All that is left of us is record in media. Media determine how we interact with others, how we do our job, how we live our life. In his story, humankind have truly become subservient to our technology, in fact it is practically a religion. our media determine our situation because they define how and what this course is recorded. The network of technology and institutions that allow a given culture to select, store and process relevant data. At this course network is a discourse of institutional power and our connections. Evolution of media is determined by the logic of escalation. The logic of escalation is evolutionary process of technical market. Something that was discussed in class was Kittler’s definition of a discourse network. Kittler’s definition of a discourse network is as follows, “The network of technologies and institutions that allow a given culture to select, store, and process relevant data.” Big corporations and professional organizations contribute to the discourse. In the literal sense, writing only stores writing, but writing also stores history, and it serves a medium of communication in today’s world despite the advancements in social media and technology.