Brave New World vs. We

After this weeks reading, I am seeing many similarities between Yevgeny Zamyatin’s We and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. The first similarity I noticed was how, both societies, One State and the World State were both organized with rules that should be followed.  Another thing that is similar is that in One State, when you want to do something that is not formally allowed, you get a pink slip, something that asks permission to do something. This reminded me of the World State because, everything was controlled and there weren’t many things the people could do besides being promiscuous and participating in orgies. Each society also values something, in the World State soma is valued and in One State math plays a major role in society and in D-503’s life. I see that they are similar in these ways.

My first impression of D-503 was that he is an outsider. He has negative feelings on participating in society. “and through the glass walls of my algebraic world, again that eyelash- something unpleasant that I must do today” (pg 34) This shows that D-503 doesn’t really want to be apart of whatever is going on. Another way that shows D-503 is different is that  “I hid behind my newspaper- it seemed to me that everyone was staring at me” (pg 35) Everyday he writes in his diary, which is what We is based off of. He meets I-330 and he follows her around and she even gets him to miss work. I think that I-330 is going to be a bad influence on D-503. So far I’m not really seeing any problems with D-503. Just that he dislikes doing anything other than math.

We are also introduced to I-330. First off, I thought that I-330 is going to be an important character because of how she acts. She can be seen as the rebel so far. She doesn’t follow all the rules she’s supposed to. She smokes and drinks alcohol which is not allowed in One State. I-330 is also very sneaky. I-330 says to D-503 “to be original is to be in some way distinct from others. Hence, to be original is to violate equality” (pg 28) This shows that I-330 doesn’t really care about the rules of One State and that she is just going to do whatever she wants.

I am confused on what these “names” or codes mean. I-330 ? O-90 ? D-503? R-13 ? I know that they are names, of characters in We but what do they stand for?

Another question I have is, what’s D-503’s deal with radical negative one? “This irrational number had grown into me like something foreign, alien, terrifying. It devoured me- it was impossible to conceive, to render harmless, because it was outside ratio” (pg 39) I think D-503 dislikes this number maybe because since its an irrational number, it keeps going on and on and its not a normal number. It’s also “unsettled” so this made me think that D-503 likes having everything set the way he feels comfortable with and that he doesn’t like knowing there’s the unknown that exists. Or maybe he dislikes this because its a math equation that he can’t figure out?

D-503

Reading the story “We” starts off with the main character D-503 who writes all the entries about his life in this book. He seems to want to be friends/ close with any individual who happens to get the opportunity to read this book since he feels that he can’t get anyone else to understand how he feels at the moment. 

“Long live the one state ,long live the numbers…”(pg 2) seems to be the same mentality as the World state in “Brave New World” based off of reading this story so far both societies seem very similar. “As always, the music plant played the March of the One State”(pg 5) is like a brain washing song for the citizens played as a daily routine. I also notice that the citizens don’t have names, instead they have numbers and have a titled position for example D-503 he is the Mathematician of the One State. Another similarity I have come across was that the citizens are scheduled for sexual days based on the individuals needs.

D-503 hasn’t experienced life outside the green walls that he could not “imagine life that isn’t regulated by the figures of our tables”. His Mathematician role makes him think like a machine which can ultimately overload the individual causing issues later on in the book. (Pg11)

D-503 talks to the reader as if he is actually right next to you in person which I find interesting since he tries to make a joke then say it isn’t a joke it’s all a lie if it was a joke on (pg14) ……this shows me that already this character is in a conflict with himself and the society he lives in, since he might be losing his mind slowly in my opinion. 

“The savage, at least had more courage and energy and logic, if only primitive logic” (pg 16) I think D-503 wishes he had the courage to step out of line to explore something new although he has the brains to get started he rather not. This upsets him causing him to make some sarcastic remarks. He feels that it’s nothing but empty thoughts left since he is assigned to his section and there isn’t anything he can do about the situation, which brings him to express his feelings to the outside reader. 

“You are carefully examined in the laboratories of the sexual department….” every citizens gets coupons based on their needs (pg 22) does this act as a drug that they can receive on certain days? I find it weird that they have to use a coupon book don’t they have advance technology? 

“Liberation? Amazing, the extent to which criminal instinct persist in human nature…” this society makes the people believe that freedom isn’t good for anyone since without it there wouldn’t be any crime done. Why would the people think this theory is correct when taking away everyone’s freedom can also be considered a crime from human rights then?

although D-503 is the mathematician why does radical negative one upset him so much? He acts as if it is the end of the world since it is a irrational number… It has to be a better explanation for his anger towards this particular irrational number.

Ancient House – I-330 the rebel

The first encounter of I-330 and D-503 at the “Ancient House” was very strange. It was the first time they officially met and spoke. The way this place was described reminded me of the savage reservation in “A Brave New World”. “I opened a heavy, creaking, opaque door, and we stepped into a gloomy, disorderly place (they called it an “apartment”). The same strange “royal” musical instrument—and again the wild, disorganized, mad music, like the other time—a jumble of colors and forms. A white flat area above; dark blue walls; red, green, and orange bindings of ancient books; yellow bronze—chandeliers, a statue of Buddha; furniture built along lines convulsed in epilepsy, incapable of being fitted into an equation.” (26). D-503 describes this “apartment” like an alien world, in the one state they are so used to things being so mathematically correct and unformed that an natural place like this was quite confusing for him. Everything that seems normal to us the reader seemed very wrong and unnatural to D-503. Colors, music, and even furniture were out of the norm and “incapable of being fitted into an equation”. Another example I found was when he describes a little of the children’s room “We crossed a room with small children’s beds (the children at that time were also private property) . Then more rooms, glimmering mirrors, somber wardrobes, intolerably gaudy sofas, a huge “fireplace,” a large mahogany bed. Our modern- beautiful, transparent, eternal—glass was there only in the pathetic, fragile little window squares.”(27) In this excerpt we see how D-503 mocks the only piece of glass in the house by calling them “fragile little window squares”. From this we get a slight hint of how he feels towards the “ancient” world compared to his “modern, beautiful, transparent, and eternal” world.

We then begin to see a dialogue between the two which somewhat confusing to me, as well as D-503 himself. He has mixed feelings about I-330 and describes them as such. We find this in “This, of course was natural: I saw myself reflected in her eyes. But what I was feeling was unnatural and unlike me (it must have been the opressive effect of the surroundings). I felt definitely frightened. I felt trapped, imprisoned in that primitive cage, caught by the savage whirlwind of the ancient life.” where he describes a strange feeling towards I-330 but then quickly blames it on being overwhelmed by the ancient house surroundings. This feeling I believe will only get stronger and hopefully a little more clearer so that we the readers can better understand why he acts this way towards I-330.

“Clearly,” she interrupted me, “to be original is to be in some way distinct from others. Hence, to be original is to violate equality. And that which in the language of the ancients was called ‘being banal’ is with us merely the fulfillment of our duty. Because …” […] “Don’t you find it astonishing that once upon a time people tolerated such characters? And not only tolerated, but worshiped them? What a slavish spirit! Don’t you think?” (28,29) With this we begin to see a little more of the way I-330 thinks. She seems to have an appreciation for the ancient times and ways of life compared to the modern day that they live in. We also note that she is a bit of a rebel, some evidence of tis is shown when she tells D-503 “And if I asked you to remain here with me?” “Look, do you … do you know what you are saying? In ten minutes I must be in the auditorium […] “I know a doctor at the Medical Office, he is registered with me. If I ask him, he will give you a certificate that you were sick. Well?” (29) Everyone knows that everyone must attend this meeting yet she wants to arrange for D-503 to stay at the ancient house with her? Also can make a call to a doctor for an excuse. These are definitely things not allowed in the One State, I-330 seems to be the rebel in the story.

Math VS Normality

In the One State everything is logical, number related. Any problems the One State has can be solved mathematically. D-503 is a mathematician so I guess its only right that the story is told in his eyes.  It probably would have been better off told by someone else because it wouldn’t be biased but after all it is being told based on his thoughts.

“Naturally, having conquered Hunger” (21), I wonder why the ‘h’ in hunger is capitalized. While reading it was said that they no longer have to worry about hunger because mathematically they can produce enough food for everyone in the One State. “Each number has a right to any other number, as to sexual commodity (21), this reminded me of Brave New World, when they say “Everyone belongs to every one else.” The only difference between these two worlds was that in the One State you need to get permission, which are the pink slips, whereas, in the World State you don’t need permission.

In We, I don’t think it said whether the people in the One State are made or born. What I do find strange is that people in the World State were made and yet they still had an identity because they had names. One would assume being made like most things in the world have numbers attached to them for identification. Another question I had while reading is what the letter before the number stands for, like D-503 and I-330. I’m thinking maybe a ranking or job related, because D-503 and I-330 have different jobs in the One State.

“To be original is to be in some way distinct from others. Hence, to be original is to violate equality” (28).  I-330 said this quote, but yet I feel as though she doesn’t believe in this herself. She seems important to the One State because of the strings she’s able to pull. She was able to get D-503 to be at the auditorium, she was able to get him a doctor’s note for not showing up to work, and she seems to know all the right people. For some odd reason, D-503 knows all of this is wrong but he would not tell anyone what is going on. He felt different because of her, I think he felt more alive then ever before; more excited and intrigued then any math problem. He might have felt this way because he has never experienced anything like this before, although I do think his friend R-13 has experienced what it was like to be with I-330. I believe R-13 knows what his friend is going through because he knew he felt “ill” or was troubled by something, and D-503 hinted what it was and R-13 identified with it immediately.

What I want to know is why certain people are helping I-330 with all of this. The doctor for giving them the doctor’s note, the old lady that sits in the sun, why did she let them go into the house, and ‘S’ guy. When ‘S’ tells D-503 that he has an incurable case of ‘soul’, I wonder if the doctor has told this same thing to R-13. ‘S’ said “I’ll tell you in confidence- you are not the only one [
] Try to remember-haven’t you noticed anything like it, very much like it, very similar in anyone else?” (91). To me the doctor could be talking about I- 330 or R-13 but why would he tell D-503 without telling him who. As if he didn’t already have enough to worry and think about with all these changes.

 

Reminder: Essay #1and Midterm Exam tomorrow (Th 3/27)

Hello from my utopia conference in London!

Just a few quick reminders:

  • Tomorrow, Thursday, 3/27, is your midterm exam. You will not be able to use any notes or texts (either the short stories or novel) for the exam, so no need to bring them with you. As we discussed, to prepare for the exam you should review our class notes on utopia (as a genre), the elements of fiction, the short stories we read (“The Story of an Hour,” “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas,” “The Day Before the Revolution,” and “The Machine Stops”), and Brave New World. I also suggest reading through all of your/your classmates’ blog posts as well as our class discussions (the “comments”) on the short stories, reviewing the Utopian/Dystopian Framework, and looking over your freewriting (which has been available for the past week in my mailbox, N512).
  • Essay #1 is due at the beginning of class tomorrow. Make sure you review the assignment and the formatting/submission guidelines before you submit it (and don’t forget about the Cover Letter … I will not accept essays without it). Include a Work Cited page. Make sure that you e-mail me a correctly labeled Word file (just one file, with the Cover Letter as the first page … not two separate files) before class begins (anything after 8:30am is considered late and will receive no credit), and bring a printed/stapled copy to class (Professor Corbett, who is subbing for me, will collect these essays at the class).
  • We are moving forward with We next week (Entries 1-16, pp. 1-91), and you have a reading response blog due Monday night in preparation for next Thursday’s class (4/3).

Good luck finishing up your essays and taking your exam! See you all next week 🙂

Cheers,
Professor Belli

No Such Thing as a Utopia?

In these 4 final chapters of “Brave New World” a lot of events transpired. To start of chapter 14, John sees his mother Linda die. The other people in the hospital, at least the younger ones, question why she looks so ugly and gross. John then starts arguing with the nurse, and she feels threatened.  Linda then dies off and John starts hysterically crying. He is surrounded by what I gathered to be very young children. To help the children try not to think about this whole ordeal, they start handing out soma to them. John starts to burst into an outrage saying phrases like “Don’t take that horrible stuff, it’s poison” (Huxley,191). He then takes all of the soma tablets and starts to throw them off the roof. This starts to stir conflict in this huge crowd thats forming and they start to rush John. Bernard and Helmholtz go to defend him. Low and behold this police type force shows up with more drugs administered by airborne machinery and water pistols with some type of anesthesia. The whole mess is taken care of and the story continues.

 

Out of everything that took place in these 4 chapters. That whole part just stood out. Throughout the whole novel we are told that they condition their people to be calm, happy and peaceful and not to think too much. They control this by means of soma and other pleasure practices to keep everyone very mellow. If this is what the World State was trying to achieve, then why was there this police for in the 1st place? The World State supposedly is attempting to create this utopian society in which everyone is happy and nothing bad happens. They have the idea that having individuals in society causes instability which in their minds leads to an uncivilized society. If they wanted to achieve this so bad then why do they have places such as the savage reservations and the islands?Even if they acknowledge that they exist, why do they allow the citizens from them into their society? Is that not the exact opposite of the goal of the World State? When someone goes from one type of society to another, they bring with them their ideals and traditions along with them. This is shown multiple times in the novel. Such as when Linda was stranded in the savage reservations. The traditions that the World State had are almost the exact opposite of the savage reservation. This is the same when John visits the World State. He brings all of his ideas from the reservation to the World State and this causes a huge case of instability in the World States mind. Is the police force there because the controller knows that there is no way possible that there can be a true utopian society without there being some type of variable in the situation? I think that the controller knows that no matter how hard they try, they will never achieve the perfect utopian society.

 

John’s Downfall

We start off the next few chapters with Jonh’s mother Linda dying. Throughout chapter 14 we witness a bit more of the differences between what is a norm for a savage and what is norm from someone from the World State.

We see John get extremely sad and frustrated with the fact that his mother is dying. In the text it states ” Undoing all their wholesome death-conditioning with to disgusting outcry-as though death were something terrible” (Huxley Pg.187). In the World State death is seen as something that is welcomed. While the savage sees it as something sad and this causes an effect on the children that are being conditioned to welcome death.

John’s mothers death has caused a big impact on him and we see this as in the following chapter he starts taking big risks. An example of this in the text is where it says ” But his mind was elsewhere-with death, with grief, and his remorse; mechanically, without consciousness of what he was doing” (Huxley Pg.189).

I feel as if his mother dying was the last straw for John. He then goes on to cause a huge commotion in public. The topic of freedom in the book comes back to play when John states he wants to free the people by throwing away soma. He says “Free, free!” (Huxley pg.193).

John was joined in this commotion by Helmholtz. We see that Bernard did think about joining his friends but didn’t want to suffer the consequences that came along with it. They were all taken to speak to the World Controller Mustapha Mond.

John has encountered someone who I feel he can finally actually have a intellectual conversation with. We see John mention God and Mond’s reply to that. John says ” But if you know about God, why don’t you tell them?” (Huxley pg.208). Mond goes on to say that God is old and that men change. They go on to talk about many different topics mainly revolving around religion, society, and being civilized.

At the end of this chapter we see Mond ask John ” you’re claiming the right to be unhappy” (Huxley Pg.215). He gives John the option to take everything that is considered being uncivilized and to live without everything that they have in the civilized world. John later says “I claim them all” (Huxley Pg.215). John has chosen to live away from this world.

The last chapter of A Brave New World shows us what John has come to and what his current living conditions are. John is fending for himself and has to provide himself with food. He also punishes himself the way they did at the Savage Reservations. He chooses to whip himself to the point that he bleeds.

People watch John as they fly over where he lives and they’re are reporters hiding trying to catch picture of how John is living so the rest of the world can see. At the end I know that everyone comes to enjoy watching John whip himself but then John sees Lenina and starts whipping her.

The last few pages in this chapter did confuse me a bit but what I do know is that John commits suicide and that everything he’s been through has brought him to his downfall.

Farewell to “hope”

Gosh, I don’t even know where to begin… I am in complete awe.

Upon reading chapter 14-18 in Brave New World, I did not expect the ending to unravel the way it did. I felt different emotions within each chapter, some ranging from confusion to disappointment to finally unsatisfied.

I initially thought that because Bernard was different from the rest of the citizens in the World State, he was the chosen one to break the caste system. I was hoping for Bernard to be the “independent” one and spread knowledge and freedom upon others. As I read the further chapters, I realized that Bernard was changing unconsciously and to be honest I do not blame him. I mean, how could he prevent himself? He is surrounded by people who believe in the caste system, are supplied with numerous amounts of soma and are conditioned in many aspects. How was Bernard to protect himself from it? He couldn’t. Bernard began to change and follow the caste system and soon his independence started fading away and he became one of “them.”

I also thought that Bernard was the main protagonist in the story but upon reading the remaining chapters, I believe John was the main character all along. Sure we were all introduced to Bernard first but the impact and predicaments that John was exposed to resembled that of an independent person. John did not believe in the caste system nor agreed with the idea of conditioning and to know how the World State’s rules and regulation affected him has made the transitioning to main character possible.

Because John belonged in another place rather than the World State, he was able to gain freedom through reading, exploring etc. With John’s character I was able to visualize and understand how the regulations in the World State can corrupt an individual. When his mother passed, I believed that it was the moment where John had completely lost himself. Of course a piece of him had deteriorated by simply losing his mother but what stood out to me is the reason why she passed on, soma. Everyone in the World State idolizes soma, it may be even an addiction to others but I believe that drug symbolizes the containment of one’s freedom.

In chapter 15 John states, “‘Don’t you even understand what manhood and freedom are?… I’ll teach you; I’ll make you be free whether you want to or not.” And pushing open a window that looked on to the inner court of the Hospital, he began to throw the little pill-boxes of soma tablets in handfuls out into the area” (Huxley 193). Soma is what keeps the civilization going. I may be wrong but I believe soma is what killed Linda, her addiction to this drug has not only separated her from reality but she couldn’t even remember her own son! Soma is what keeps everyone in order no matter what circumstances they are in and I feel the more and more the citizens in the World State consume this drug, they become addicted to it but there are even worse consequences than that; as they consume each bit of tablets of the drug, they are segregating themselves from their own freedom, their own independence and they all don’t even know it! Which is the reason why I was hoping for John to be the spokesperson, to make a change and stop this civilization. However, as the controller states about the citizens in the World State, “They practically can’t help behaving as they ought to behave. And if anything should go wrong, there’s soma” (Huxley 199). Soma will always keep things in “check” and controlled at all times. If John was free before and was consumed by soma or even the state’s rules and regulation, then where is the hope for it ever ending? – There isn’t any hope, at least not anymore.

John Visiting His Mother

John Visit his mother in the hospital because she is ill and is going to die anytime soon. There is a nurse who escorts John to the room Linda was in and for some reason the nurse was blushing at John and I have no Idea why. To proof that the nurse was blushing at John it says it right here in the text, “Still blushing, she led the way down the ward.” That quote tells us that while the nurse showed John the direction to Linda room she blushed at him.

 

When the nurse ask John If he was ill is because he seemed upset that his mother was going to die and she isn’t use to seeing people care for others like John dud. In the text that proves that the nurse feel this way it says, “she was not accustomed to this kind of thing in visitors”(181). Also after the passage describe John pale face representing that he was upset, the nurse asked if he was ill because of his face expression. She probably knew that he was upset about the news of his mother. John showed a sense of care for his mother and the nurse never saw that happen before. The nurse herself probably don’t even show love/care for others so when seeing John react this way she was confused. The reason for the nurse not caring for others is because the World State did not raise people to care for one another but the reason John feel that way is cause he was living in the Savage Reservation.

 

I notice as John was looking at his mother in this ill state on the bed he wanted to cry because she was not in good condition. In the book it says, “He felt the hot tears welling up behind his eyelids as he recalled the words and Linda’s voice as she repeated them”(182). The quote basically talks about how John remembers all the good times he had with his mother in the past. He remembers all the things and begin to cry as he keep remembering because it hurts him emotionally. Linda is very ill and what shows that in the book is when the author tells us that ever time Linda seem to wake up she falls right back to sleep illustrating that she drained out of energy and cant do anything for herself. John had to watch his mother and take in pain on how bad it looks to see his mother in this condition.

 

The part that shocked me was the death of Linda because from the beginning of the story I would have never figure out that she was going to die after she got introduced to the story from the section of the Savage Reservation. It was clearly stated that Linda was dead because after John ran to the nurse he told her that he think he have killed her even though it was not his fault because she was already ill. I guess he said that because he was with her when she was alive then suddenly she died and feel it was his fault for some odd reason. Here is a quote that proves my point on the death of Linda, “by the time they were at the end of the ward Linda was dead.” It is sad to hear the character Linda had to die because we all can relate to John when his loved one died.

 

The most shocking part for John visit to see Linda was after she died and he was weeping.  John was upset and shocked that his mother was really dead. He probably couldn’t believe it when he first ran to the nurse for help. John probably thought by calling the nurse she can help bring her back to life but she couldn’t. The book says that John say his mother dead and was in silence for a second then fell to his knees and start crying with hands over his face. John must think oh my what just happen and what am I going to do now with no mother alive. As he was crying loud he brought attention to him in the ward and the condition kids that are condition by the world state is seeing him crying but wonder why he is crying. The nurse notice this crying which shows he cared for a mother the kids never had was a bad look and can decondition the kids so she taps him on the shoulders saying, “Can’t you behave?” in a low angry voice. The nurse wants John to stop because it is a bad example for the kids that are condition in the World State mindset don’t need to be expose to this kind of behavior from John so she tried stopping him. Before he stopped she try to distract the kids by offering them chocolate and it was successful. A few kids got to get near John and asked him if Linda was dead but he did not answer to them because I am guessing he was mad and also know that it was bad for them to know what was going on so he pushed the kid out the way then walks away.

Anti Climatic – John’s Last Fight

After the rising tension coming into chapter 14 to 18, the book just ends on a low note. You would think with all the excitement and drama with Bernard and the director, the ending would end with a bang but no, it ends flat and disappointing. Characters who had major character developments revert back to their old ways and you can’t hope to feel that you’ve “lost” after reading the end of the book. Firstly I want to talk about John. In chapters 14-15, we can see him struggling with the World State’s ways and his fight to end their ways. At this point, John is the only one who is fighting against the World State now. We can see any hope he had in the World State vanish when his mother Linda dies after an overdose of soma. He is also angry at the World State because of what the World State turned had turned his mother into. She went so overboard with the soma, she did not even recognize John until after long moments of yelling from John. Now that he sees what the soma does to the people of the World State, he is even more furious and motivated to change their ways.

I think part of the reason for John’s outburst at the hospital is not only caused by his mothers death but also because of the children there not understanding what death meant to someone. Death to those twins at the hospital meant nothing to them. Naturally even if you did not know someone that they died, you would feel a bit sorrow but these kids have been conditioned to not have these feelings. On page 184, we can see their conditioning where John says, “What are these filthy little brats doing here at all? It’s disgraceful! Disgraceful? but what do you mean? They’re being death conditioned.” They also have no guilt of making fun of John’s mother which also shows their inability to see or have love.

John is so enraged that he tries to convince these Delta twins to stop taking soma and to choose freedom instead. I think John was trying to help them see what he was finally seeing, that the World State is messed up and is depressing. This part also leads into my discussion about Bernard’s character development. After John chucks the twins soma out the window, they engage in a fight. Helmholtz and Bernard just arrived and we can see that Helmholtz is not hesitant to help out John. Bernard on the other hand is hesitant. You would think after all hes been through that he would help John out. After all that talk about changing the World State, he decides not to help. However he did feel some shame because of his indecisiveness. On page 193 we can see Bernard’s struggle with himself on the bottom of the page, “Hesitant on the fringes of the battle. They’re done for, said Bernard and urged by a sudden impulse, ran forward to help them, then thought better of itand halted, then ashamed, stepped forward again and was standing in an agony of humiliated indecision.” The reason why I’m angry at this is because the story had set up for Bernard’s incredible character development, his confidence, his ability to see what he has done wrong but it all falls flat right here. The way I see it is that, if he had chosen to help out John and Helmholtz, it would signify his desire to fight against the World States ways. If he chose not to, that means he has given up to the World State and has accepted it’s ways.

At the end of the story I think it’s very anti climatic. Reason because we do not learn of the other characters and John’s disappointing end. I think readers always want the characters the win at the end but in the case we can see it as a failure because nothing about the World State was changed. Nothing was changed, 18 chapters and the World State continues to be the overwhelming power that controls everybody. Everyone’s efforts to change the World State, down the drain. If I had the chance to ask Aldous Huxley anything, I would ask Huxley why he chose to have the characters “lose”, their battle against the World State.