I’d like to provide here a synopsis of what I’ve been saying in class about the upcoming elections, not just for the presidency but also for Congress.
First of all, a basic point: It’s only when the president’s party is in the majority in both the House and Senate that the government will be guided by a single, coherent ideology. A lot of people think that when there’s divided government, it forces compromise, and that’s true up to a point, but it also causes a lot of gridlock. In the case of the present candidates, I think it’s safe to say that neither party will be willing to do anything that makes a president of the other party appear effective and successful, and for that reason you won’t be seeing a whole lot of bipartisan cooperation, no matter which way the presidential election goes.
However, the average voter doesn’t understand that. The average voter also doesn’t understand how limited the powers of the president are. For that reason, consider this scenario: Suppose Kamala Harris wins the presidential election, but the Republicans get the majority in the Senate (a very real possibility) and possibly the House as well. Under those circumstances, Harris will get very little of what she wants done. But the general public will just think that Harris made a lot of promises and then failed to deliver, and what will they do to punish her? They’ll vote Republican in the 2026 midterm congressional elections, making her job even tougher for those next two years. And yes, the reverse is true as well. (However, one scenario that has no chance whatsoever of happening is that Trump wins the White House and the Democrats take a majority in the Senate. You may see a Harris presidency and a Republican Senate; you absolutely won’t see a Trump presidency with a Democratic Senate.)
With all that in mind, let’s consider the election prospects on all three fronts.
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
There are 435 seats in the House, all of which are up for election this year. However, most of those seats are fairly secure for either one party or the other. At the present moment, the Cook Political Report is saying that 26 House seats are toss-ups. Given that the Republicans currently have a narrow majority in the House, that means that the House could go either way. Among other things, which party controls the House will determine which politicians will be the target of nasty investigative hearings by House committees, because the majority party in the House controls the leadership positions and controls each committee’s decision-making process. But the majority party in the House will only have influence over legislation if the same party controls the Senate and the White House. Again, for party control, the House could go either way. You can be sure that the administrative machineries of both parties are putting a lot of money and humanpower into those competitive House district campaigns.
THE SENATE
As things stand now, no matter what happens in the presidential election, the Republicans are favored to win the Senate by a narrow majority. I had previously said that there were seven Senate seats currently held by Democrats that could flip to Republicans, and that the Democrats must win all seven of those seats even to have a 50-50 tie. Now, make that eight seats, because Maryland isn’t entirely secure. The other seven states are Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Michigan, Nevada, Arizona, Ohio, and Montana. And Montana, which had been considered a toss-up state, is now considered to be “leaning Republican,” not the same as “secure Republican” but still a tough battle for the Democrats. Of the Senate seats currently held by Republicans, Texas and Florida come closer than others to being competitive, but they will most likely stay in Republican hands. Now that Montana is looking bad for the Democrats, the Democrats are just now starting to take the Texas and Florida contests more seriously than before, in terms of national committee money going into the campaigns.
It needs to be remembered that for a party to truly control the Senate, it takes not just a simple majority but a 60-seat supermajority. This isn’t because of anything in the Constitution, but rather, because of a Senate rule that requires 60 senators to approve bringing a bill up for a vote. Exceptions are budget reconciliation bills (bills that are purely about taxing and spending, but that can authorize creation, expansion, or continuation of a social program) and confirmation votes for presidential nominees. There isn’t going to be a 60-seat supermajority this time around, so unless that Senate rule gets changed (the rule historically known as the filibuster), the president–whoever it ends up being–will be limited in what he or she can get Congress to pass.
Again, the Democrats need to hold all eight of those seats just to have a 50-50 tie, but a 50-50 tie will only do the Democrats any good if Harris and Walz wins, because the vice president casts tie-breaking votes. And again, there’s no realistic chance that the Senate will have a Democratic majority if Trump wins. What does that mean? It means that, while Trump won’t get everything he wants from Congress in terms of legislation, he will have an easy time getting his choices for cabinet posts and federal judgeships confirmed by simple majority vote in the Senate.
Short article in Time magazine on the Senate races, October 8, 2024
THE PRESIDENCY
If you click onto this page at fivethirtyeight.com and scroll down to the snake-chart, it would appear that the election is going to hinge on Pennsylvania. Actually, Pennsylvania is important, but so are a few other states. I would say that the primary swing states are Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Wisconsin. If Harris wins those three states and there aren’t any big surprises in other states, then she’ll have the White House. If Trump wins all three of those states, then he’ll have the White House. But if Harris wins two of those primary swing states and Trump wins one of them, then Harris can still win the election if she also has the electoral votes of two secondary swing states. The secondary swing states are Arizona, Nevada, Georgia, and North Carolina. But calling North Carolina a swing state at all is a bit of a stretch. The Democrats have been treating it as a state they can win, but they’ve lost it in all of the last three presidential elections. But a Democrat has been elected governor there, so it’s possible for Democrats to wins statewide elections in North Carolina.
In past elections, Ohio and Florida were the leading swing states. Now, realistically, for the presidency, they’re not swing states at all. However, the Democrats do have a chance at keeping Ohio’s Senate seat–which, again, they need to win–and they hope to win Florida’s Senate seat, though that’s a longshot.
That’s where things are now. A lot can change between now and November 5.
I hope you’re all registered to vote.